Jordan

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 805,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TV and Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radio stations; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are available

Internet country code

.jo

Internet users

percent of population: 93% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 451,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 8.05 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 70 (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

tomatoes, milk, chicken, potatoes, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, onions, chillies/peppers, peaches/nectarines, sheep milk (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Average household expenditures

on food: 25% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

revenues: $13.779 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $17.159 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Current account balance

-$1.91 billion (2023 est.) -$3.815 billion (2022 est.) -$3.718 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Debt - external

$21.058 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Economic overview

upper-middle-income Middle Eastern economy; high debt and unemployment, especially for youth and women; global events triggering trade slump and decreased revenue from tourism; growing manufacturing and agricultural sectors; key US foreign assistance recipient; natural-resource-poor and import-reliant

Exchange rates

Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar - 0.71 (2024 est.) 0.71 (2023 est.) 0.71 (2022 est.) 0.71 (2021 est.) 0.71 (2020 est.)

Exports

$22.186 billion (2023 est.) $20.743 billion (2022 est.) $13.87 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

fertilizers, garments, phosphates, jewelry, phosphoric acid (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

USA 21%, India 13%, Saudi Arabia 11%, China 7%, Iraq 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate)

$53.352 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 78.9% (2021 est.) government consumption: 15.8% (2021 est.) investment in fixed capital: 22.2% (2021 est.) investment in inventories: 3% (2021 est.) exports of goods and services: 30% (2021 est.) imports of goods and services: -50.4% (2021 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 5.1% (2024 est.) industry: 25.1% (2024 est.) services: 60.4% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Imports

$28.922 billion (2023 est.) $30.019 billion (2022 est.) $23.321 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

cars, refined petroleum, gold, crude petroleum, jewelry (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

China 17%, Saudi Arabia 14%, UAE 8%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

3.7% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.6% (2024 est.) 2.1% (2023 est.) 4.2% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

3.08 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Population below poverty line

15.7% (2018 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

102.8% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$109.986 billion (2024 est.) $107.315 billion (2023 est.) $104.307 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate

2.5% (2024 est.) 2.9% (2023 est.) 2.6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita

$9,500 (2024 est.) $9,400 (2023 est.) $9,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances

8.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 10.1% of GDP (2022 est.) 11% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$21.939 billion (2024 est.) $19.069 billion (2023 est.) $18.198 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

17% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

18% (2024 est.) 18% (2023 est.) 18.2% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 41.7% (2024 est.) male: 39.8% (2024 est.) female: 49.2% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Coal

consumption: 269,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 110,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 6.891 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 20.31 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 162.93 million kWh (2023 est.) imports: 383.073 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 2.472 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 100% electrification - rural areas: 98.9%

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 76.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 15.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 7.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

32.909 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

production: 200.004 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 5.441 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 375.998 million cubic meters (2018 est.) imports: 4.865 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 6.031 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Petroleum

total petroleum production: 20 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 97,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 1 million barrels (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

22.434 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 627,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 13.264 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 8.544 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Climate

mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)

Environmental issues

limited natural freshwater resources; declining water table; salination; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; biodiversity and ecosystem damage/loss

International environmental agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Land use

agricultural land: 11.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.) forest: 0.8% (2023 est.) other: 87.7% (2023 est.)

Methane emissions

energy: 12.2 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 25.4 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 188.2 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 0.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

26.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

937 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

municipal: 497.37 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 36.88 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 570.61 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 92% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.53 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.6% (2022 est.)

Area

total : 89,342 sq km land: 88,802 sq km water: 540 sq km

Area - comparative

about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Indiana

Climate

mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)

Coastline

26 km

Elevation

highest point: Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m lowest point: Dead Sea -431 m mean elevation: 812 m

Geographic coordinates

31 00 N, 36 00 E

Geography - note

strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba; the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the West Bank; the Dead Sea, the lowest point in Asia and the second saltiest body of water in the world (after Lac Assal in Djibouti), lies on Jordan's western border with Israel and the West Bank; Jordan is almost landlocked but does have a 26 km southwestern coastline with a single port, Al 'Aqabah (Aqaba)

Irrigated land

875 sq km (2022)

Land boundaries

total: 1,744 km border countries (5): Iraq 179 km; Israel 307 km; Saudi Arabia 731 km; Syria 379 km; West Bank 148 km

Land use

agricultural land: 11.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.) forest: 0.8% (2023 est.) other: 87.7% (2023 est.)

Location

Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel (to the west) and Iraq

Major aquifers

Arabian Aquifer System

Major lakes (area sq km)

salt water lake(s): Dead Sea (shared with Israel and West Bank) - 1,020 sq km note - endorheic hypersaline lake; 9.6 times saltier than the ocean; lake shore is 431 meters below sea level

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)

Map references

Middle East

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 3 nm

Natural hazards

droughts; periodic earthquakes; flash floods

Natural resources

phosphates, potash, shale oil

Population distribution

population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba

Terrain

mostly arid desert plateau; a great north-south geological rift along the west of the country is the dominant topographical feature and includes the Jordan River Valley, the Dead Sea, and the Jordanian Highlands

Administrative divisions

12 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); 'Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Al Asimah (Amman), At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba

Capital

name: Amman geographic coordinates: 31 57 N, 35 56 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: in the 13th century B.C., the Ammonites named their primary city Rabbath Ammon; rabbath meant "capital," so the name translated as "The Capital of [the] Ammon[ites];" over time, the name was shortened to Ammon, and then to Amman

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Jordan dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years

Constitution

history: previous 1928 (pre-independence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952 amendment process: constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king

Country name

conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan conventional short form: Jordan local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah local short form: Al Urdun former: Transjordan etymology: named for the Jordan River, which makes up part of Jordan's northwest border; the origin of the river's name is unclear, but it may come from a local word meaning "river"

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador James HOLTSNIDER (since 7 December 2025) embassy: Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman mailing address: 6050 Amman Place, Washington DC 20521-6050 telephone: [962] (6) 590-6000 FAX: [962] (6) 592-0163 email address and website: Amman-ACS@state.gov https://jo.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Dina Khalil Tawfiq KAWAR (since 27 June 2016) chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 966-2664 FAX: [1] (202) 966-3110 email address and website: hkjconsular@jordanembassyus.org http://www.jordanembassyus.org/

Executive branch

chief of state: King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Jafar HASSAN (since 15 September 2024) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister election/appointment process: prime minister appointed by the monarch

Flag

description: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green; a red isosceles triangle is on the left side, with a small white seven-pointed star in the center meaning: black stands for the Abbassid Caliphate, white for the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green for the Fatimid Caliphate; the triangle stands for the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and the star's points for the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Quran, as well as faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations history: the design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I

Government type

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Independence

25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, NATO (partner), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 15 members, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 2 years subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; special courts including the State Security Court

Legal system

mixed system developed from Ottoman Empire codes (based on French law), British common law, and Islamic law

Legislative branch

legislature name: National Assembly (Majlis Al-Umma) legislative structure: bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber

chamber name: House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nuwaab) number of seats: 138 (all directly elected) electoral system: mixed system scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 9/10/2024 percentage of women in chamber: 19.6% expected date of next election: September 2028 note: the total number of Chamber of Deputies' seats increased to 138 from 130 for the September 2024 election

Legislative branch - upper chamber

chamber name: Senate (Majlis Al-Aayan) number of seats: 69 (all appointed) scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 10/24/2024 percentage of women in chamber: 14.5% expected date of next election: October 2028

National anthem(s)

title: "As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni" (Long Live the King of Jordan) lyrics/music: Abdul-Mone'm al-RIFAI'/Abdul-Qader al-TANEER history: adopted 1946; the shortened version of the anthem is most commonly used; the full version is reserved for special occasions

National color(s)

black, white, green, red

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed) selected World Heritage Site locales: Petra (c); Quseir Amra (c); Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (c); Wadi Rum Protected Area (m) ; Baptism Site Bethany Beyond the Jordan (Al-Maghtas) (c); As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (c); Umm Al-Jimāl (c)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 May (1946)

National symbol(s)

eagle

Political parties

'Azem Blessed Land Party Building and Labor Coalition Eradah Party Growth Party Islamic Action Front or IAF Jordanian al-Ansar Party Jordanian al-Ghad Party Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or JASBP Jordanian Civil Democratic Party Jordanian Communist Party or JCP Jordanian Equality Party Jordanian Democratic People's Party or HASD Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party or JDPUP/Wihda Jordanian Democratic Unionist Party Jordanian Flame Party Jordanian Future and Life Party Jordanian Model Party Jordanian National Integration Party Jordanian National Loyalty Party Jordanian Reform and Renewal Party or Hassad Jordanian Shura Party Jordanian Social Democratic Party or JSDP Justice and Reform Party or JRP Labor Party National Charter Party National Coalition Party National Constitutional Party National Current Party or NCP National Islamic Party National Union Nationalist Movement Party or Hsq New Path Party Progress Party

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. In 1921, Britain demarcated from Palestine a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan and recognized ABDALLAH I from the Hashemite family as the country's first leader. The Hashemites also controlled the Hijaz, or the western coastal area of modern-day Saudi Arabia, until 1925, when IBN SAUD and Wahhabi tribes pushed them out. The country gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The country has had four kings. Long-time ruler King HUSSEIN (r. 1953-99) successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, UK, and Soviet Union), various Arab states, Israel, and Palestinian militants, the latter of which led to a brief civil war in 1970 that is known as "Black September" and ended in King HUSSEIN ousting the militants. Jordan's borders have changed since it gained independence. In 1948, Jordan took control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the first Arab-Israeli War, eventually annexing those territories in 1950 and granting its new Palestinian residents Jordanian citizenship. In 1967, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel in the Six-Day War but retained administrative claims to the West Bank until 1988, when King HUSSEIN permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank in favor of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). King HUSSEIN signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994, after Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords in 1993. Jordanian kings continue to claim custodianship of the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem by virtue of their Hashemite heritage as descendants of the Prophet Mohammad and agreements with Israel and Jerusalem-based religious and Palestinian leaders. After Israel captured East Jerusalem in the 1967 War, it authorized the Jordanian-controlled Islamic Trust, or Waqf, to continue administering the Al Haram ash Sharif/Temple Mount holy compound, and the Jordan-Israel peace treaty reaffirmed Jordan's "special role" in administering the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem. Jordanian kings claim custodianship of the Christian sites in Jerusalem on the basis of the 7th-century Pact of Omar, when the Muslim leader, after conquering Jerusalem, agreed to permit Christian worship. King HUSSEIN died in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son and current King ABDALLAH II. In 2009, ABDALLAH II designated his son HUSSEIN as the Crown Prince. During his reign, ABDALLAH II has contended with a series of challenges, including the Arab Spring influx of refugees from neighboring states, the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the war in Ukraine, a perennially weak economy, and the Israel-HAMAS conflict that began in October 2023.

Military - note

the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) are responsible for territorial defense and border security and have a supporting role for internal security; key areas of concern include regional conflict and instability and unconventional threats, such as terrorism and weapons smuggling; the JAF participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises, UN peacekeeping missions, and have taken part in regional military operations alongside international forces in Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen the US is a key security partner, and Jordan is one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it cooperates with the US on a number of issues, including border security, arms transfers, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism; Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2025)

Military and security forces

Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF; aka Arab Army): Jordanian Army (Jordanian Ground Forces; includes Special Operations Forces, Border Guards, Royal Guard), Jordanian Air Force, Jordanian Navy) Ministry of Interior: Public Security Directorate (includes national police, the Gendarmerie, and the Civil Defense Directorate) (2025)

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 100,000 active duty Armed Forces (2025)

Military deployments

140 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the JAF inventory is comprised of mostly older or secondhand equipment provided by China, some European countries, select Gulf States, Russia, and the US (2025)

Military expenditures

4.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 4.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 4.8% of GDP (2022 est.) 5% of GDP (2021 est.) 5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military service age and obligation

17 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; initial service term is 24 months; selective compulsory military service (3 months) for men turning 18 will be reinstated in 2026; compulsory military service for jobless men aged 25-29 was reinstated in 2020 (12 months; 3 months of military training and 9 months of professional and technical training) (2025)

Age structure

0-14 years: 30.9% (male 1,771,840/female 1,678,178) 15-64 years: 64.9% (male 3,844,575/female 3,409,164) 65 years and over: 4.2% (2024 est.) (male 228,564/female 241,703)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 0.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

21.9 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Child marriage

women married by age 15: 1.5% (2018) women married by age 18: 9.7% (2018) men married by age 18: 0.1% (2018)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2.5% (2023 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

56% (2018 est.)

Death rate

3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 53.3 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 46.6 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 6.7 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 14.9 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 99.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 97% of population (2022 est.) total: 99% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 3% of population (2022 est.) total: 1% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

3.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 11.7% national budget (2024 est.)

Ethnic groups

Jordanian 69.3%, Syrian 13.3%, Palestinian 6.7%, Egyptian 6.7%, Iraqi 1.4%, other 2.6% (2015 est.) note: data represent population by self-identified nationality in national census

Gross reproduction rate

1.37 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

7.3% of GDP (2021) 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 12.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 14.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Arabic (official), English (widely understood among upper and middle classes) major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 76.5 years (2024 est.) male: 75 years female: 78.1 years

Literacy

total population: 94.8% (2023 est.) male: 97.5% (2023 est.) female: 92.3% (2023 est.)

Major urban areas - population

2.232 million AMMAN (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

31 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

total: 25.4 years (2025 est.) male: 25.5 years female: 24.4 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

24.6 years (2017/18 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Nationality

noun: Jordanian(s) adjective: Jordanian

Net migration rate

-1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

35.5% (2016)

Physician density

2.85 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population

total: 11,312,507 (2025 est.) male: 5,908,853 female: 5,403,654

Population distribution

population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba

Population growth rate

1.68% (2025 est.)

Religions

Muslim 97.1% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.1% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish 0.1%, folk 0.1%, other 0.1%, unaffiliated 0.1% (2020 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 98.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 97.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 98.8% of population (2022 est.) urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 2.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 13 years (2023 est.) male: 13 years (2023 est.) female: 14 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 37.1% (2025 est.) male: 58.6% (2025 est.) female: 13.9% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.83 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 92% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Terrorist group(s)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees: 675,388 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 17 (2024 est.)

Airports

18 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

JY

Heliports

6 (2025)

Merchant marine

total: 34 (2023) by type: general cargo 5, other 29

Ports

total ports: 1 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 0 very small: 1 ports with oil terminals: 1 key ports: Al Aqabah

Railways

total: 509 km (2020) narrow gauge: 509 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge