Panama

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 809,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

multiple privately owned TV networks and a government-owned educational TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; more than 100 commercial radio stations (2019)

Internet country code

.pa

Internet users

percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 811,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 6.98 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 157 (2023 est.)

Agricultural products

sugarcane, rice, bananas, oranges, oil palm fruit, chicken, plantains, maize, milk, pineapples (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Average household expenditures

on food: 15.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 1.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

revenues: $7.57 billion (2021 est.) expenditures: $12.046 billion (2021 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Current account balance

$1.672 billion (2024 est.) -$2.581 billion (2023 est.) $28.769 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Economic overview

upper middle-income Central American economy; increasing Chinese trade; US dollar user; canal expansion fueling broader infrastructure investment; services sector dominates economy; historic money-laundering and illegal drug hub

Exchange rates

balboas (PAB) per US dollar - 1 (2024 est.) 1 (2023 est.) 1 (2022 est.) 1 (2021 est.) 1 (2020 est.)

Exports

$37.376 billion (2024 est.) $37.905 billion (2023 est.) $35.717 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

copper ore, ships, refined petroleum, bananas, fish (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

China 25%, Japan 10%, USA 6%, Thailand 5%, Costa Rica 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate)

$86.26 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 46.7% (2023 est.) government consumption: 12.2% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 32.3% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: 5.4% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 46.5% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -43.1% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 2.6% (2024 est.) industry: 26.3% (2024 est.) services: 68.8% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

48.9 (2023 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 1.2% (2023 est.) highest 10%: 36.9% (2023 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

$30.887 billion (2024 est.) $35.927 billion (2023 est.) $32.646 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, ships, refined petroleum, nitrogen compounds, cars (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

USA 15%, Colombia 13%, China 13%, Ecuador 13%, Japan 11% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

-2.6% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

construction, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.7% (2024 est.) 1.5% (2023 est.) 2.9% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

2.206 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Population below poverty line

21.8% (2021 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$164.484 billion (2024 est.) $159.908 billion (2023 est.) $148.891 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate

2.9% (2024 est.) 7.4% (2023 est.) 10.8% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita

$36,400 (2024 est.) $35,900 (2023 est.) $33,800 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances

0.6% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.6% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$6.856 billion (2024 est.) $6.757 billion (2023 est.) $6.876 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

7.5% (of GDP) (2021 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

6.6% (2024 est.) 6.6% (2023 est.) 8.1% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 16.8% (2024 est.) male: 13.4% (2024 est.) female: 22.1% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Coal

consumption: 863,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 863,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 4.485 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 11.777 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 404.9 million kWh (2023 est.) imports: 234 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 924.16 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 95% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 99% electrification - rural areas: 100%

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 38.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 6.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 47.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

78.01 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

consumption: 564.786 million cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 564.786 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Petroleum

refined petroleum consumption: 131,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

23.458 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.969 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 20.389 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 1.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Climate

tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)

Environmental issues

water pollution from agricultural runoff; deforestation of tropical rainforest; land degradation and soil erosion in Panama Canal; air pollution in urban areas; effects of mining

International environmental agreements

party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Land use

agricultural land: 29.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 7.6% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 20.3% (2023 est.) forest: 62.3% (2023 est.) other: 8.2% (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

11.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

139.304 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

municipal: 759.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 6.2 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 446.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 69.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.472 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.2% (2022 est.)

Area

total : 75,420 sq km land: 74,340 sq km water: 1,080 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than South Carolina

Climate

tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)

Coastline

2,490 km

Elevation

highest point: Volcan Baru 3,475 m lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m mean elevation: 360 m

Geographic coordinates

9 00 N, 80 00 W

Geography - note

strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge that connects North and South America; controls the Panama Canal, which links the North Atlantic Ocean with the North Pacific Ocean via the Caribbean Sea

Irrigated land

394 sq km (2022)

Land boundaries

total: 687 km border countries (2): Colombia 339 km; Costa Rica 348 km

Land use

agricultural land: 29.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 7.6% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 20.3% (2023 est.) forest: 62.3% (2023 est.) other: 8.2% (2023 est.)

Location

Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica

Major lakes (area sq km)

salt water lake(s): Laguna de Chiriqui - 900 sq km

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or edge of continental margin

Natural hazards

occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area

Natural resources

copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower

Population distribution

population is concentrated towards the center of the country, particularly around the Canal, but a sizeable segment of the populace also lives in the far west around David; the eastern third of the country is sparsely inhabited

Terrain

interior mostly steep, rugged mountains with dissected, upland plains; coastal plains with rolling hills

Administrative divisions

10 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ) and 4 indigenous regions* ( comarcas ); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqu , Cocl , Colon, Darien, Embera-Wounaan*, Guna Yala*, Herrera, Los Santos, Naso Tjer Di*, Ngabe-Bugle*, Panama, Panama Oeste, Veraguas

Capital

name: Panama City geographic coordinates: 8 58 N, 79 32 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: origin is unclear; may come from a Guaran word meaning "place of many fish"

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution

history: several previous; latest effective 11 October 1972 amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly, by the Cabinet, or by the Supreme Court of Justice; passage requires approval by one of two procedures: 1) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in a single reading without textual modifications; 2) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings, followed by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in each of three readings with textual modifications, and approval in a referendum

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Panama conventional short form: Panama local long form: Rep blica de Panama local short form: Panama etymology: origin is unclear; may come from a Guarani word meaning "place of many fish"

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Kevin Marino CABRERA (since 5 May 2025) embassy: Building 783, Demetrio Basilio Lakas Avenue, Clayton mailing address: 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521-9100 telephone: [507] 317-5000 FAX: [507] 317-5568 email address and website: Panama-ACS@state.gov https://pa.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Jos Miguel ALEM N HEALY (since 18 September 2024) chancery: 2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-1407 FAX: [1] (202) 483-8413 email address and website: info@embassyofpanama.org https://www.embassyofpanama.org/ consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Tampa

Executive branch

chief of state: President Jos Ra l MULINO Quintero (since 1 July 2024) head of government: President Jos Ra l MULINO Quintero (since 1 July 2024) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president election/appointment process: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by simple-majority popular vote for a 5-year term; president eligible for a single non-consecutive term) most recent election date: 5 May 2024 election results: 2024: Jos Ra l MULINO Quintero elected president; percent of vote - Jos Ra l MULINO Quintero (RM) 34.2%, Ricardo Alberto LOMBANA Gonz lez (MOCA) 24.6%, Mart n Erasto TORRIJOS Espino (PP) 16%, Alberto ROUX Moses (CD) 11.4%, Zulay RODR GUEZ Lu (independent) 6.6%, Jos Gabriel CARRIZO Ja n (PRD) 5.9%, other 1.3% 2019: Laurentino "Nito" CORTIZO Cohen elected president; percent of vote - Laurentino CORTIZO Cohen (PRD) 33.3%, Romulo ROUX (CD) 31%, Ricardo LOMBANA (independent) 18.8%, Jose BLANDON (Paname ista Party) 10.8%, Ana Matilde GOMEZ Ruiloba (independent) 4.8%, other 1.3% expected date of next election: May 2029 note: the president is both chief of state and head of government

Flag

description: divided into four equal rectangles; one of the top quadrants is white (left side) with a five-pointed blue star in the center, and the other is plain red; one of the bottom quadrants is plain blue (left side), and the other is white with a five-pointed red star in the center meaning: blue and red stand for the main political parties, and white for peace between them; the blue star stands for the civic virtues of purity and honesty, and the red star for authority and law

Government type

presidential republic

Independence

3 November 1903 (from Colombia); 28 November 1821 (from Spain)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACS, BCIE, CAN (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA, UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 9 magistrates and 9 alternates and divided into civil, criminal, administrative, and general business chambers) judge selection and term of office: magistrates appointed by the president for staggered 10-year terms subordinate courts: appellate courts or Tribunal Superior; Labor Supreme Courts; Court of Audit; circuit courts or Tribunal Circuital (2 each in 9 of the 10 provinces); municipal courts; electoral, family, maritime, and adolescent courts

Legal system

civil law system; Supreme Court of Justice reviews legislative acts

Legislative branch

legislature name: National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 71 (all directly elected) electoral system: mixed system scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 5/5/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Realizing Goals (RM) (14); Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) (13); Democratic Change (CD) (8); Panamenista Party (8); Independents (20); Other (8) percentage of women in chamber: 21.7% expected date of next election: May 2029

National anthem(s)

title: "Himno Istmeno" (Isthmus Hymn) lyrics/music: Jeronimo DE LA OSSA/Santos A. JORGE history: adopted 1925

National color(s)

blue, white, red

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 6 (3 cultural, 3 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Caribbean Fortifications (c); Darien National Park (n); Talamanca Range-La Amistad National Park (n); Panam Viejo and Historic District of Panam (c); Coiba National Park (n); The Colonial Transisthmian Route of Panam (c)

National holiday

Independence Day (Separation Day), 3 November (1903)

National symbol(s)

harpy eagle

Political parties

Alliance Party or PA Alternative Independent Socialist Party or PAIS Another Way Movement or MOCA Democratic Change or CD Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA Paname ista Party (formerly the Arnulfista Party) Popular Party or PP (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC) Realizing Goals Party or RM

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela that was named the Republic of Gran Colombia. When the union dissolved in 1830, Panama remained part of Colombia. With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land known as the Panama Canal Zone on either side of the structure. The US Army Corps of Engineers built the Panama Canal between 1904 and 1914. In 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the US to Panama by the end of the century. Certain portions of the Zone and increasing responsibility over the Canal were turned over in the subsequent decades. With US help, Panamanian dictator Manuel NORIEGA was deposed in 1989. The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were transferred to Panama by the end of 1999. An ambitious expansion project to more than double the Canal's capacity by allowing for more Canal transits and larger ships was carried out between 2007 and 2016.

Military - note

the Panamanian Public Forces focus on law enforcement, border control, and maritime security; the National Police are responsible for internal law enforcement and public order, while the National Border Service (SENAFRONT) handles border security; the Aeronaval Service is responsible for carrying out air and naval operations that include some internal security responsibilities; key areas of focus are countering narcotics trafficking and securing the border, particularly along the frontier with Colombia where SENAFRONT maintains a significant presence Panama created a paramilitary National Guard (Guardia Nacional de Panam ) in the 1950s from the former National Police (established 1904); the National Guard subsequently evolved into more of a military force with some police responsibilities; it seized power in a coup in 1968 and military officers ran the country until 1989; in 1983, the National Guard was renamed the Panama Defense Force (PDF); the PDF was disbanded after the 1989 US invasion and the current national police forces were formed in 1990; the armed forces were officially abolished under the 1994 Constitution (2025)

Military and security forces

no regular military forces Ministry of Public Security: National Police (Polic a Nacional, PN), National Aeronaval Service (Servicio Nacional Aeronaval, SENAN), National Border Service (Servicio Nacional de Fronteras, SENAFRONT) (2025) note 1: collectively, the security forces are known as the Panamanian Public Forces note 2: the PNP includes a special forces directorate with counterterrorism and counternarcotics units; SENAFRONT has four regionally based border security brigades, plus a specialized brigade comprised of special forces, counternarcotics, maritime, and rapid reaction units

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 30,000 Ministry of Public Security personnel (2025)

Military expenditures

1.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.1% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 25% (male 574,336/female 544,180) 15-64 years: 64.8% (male 1,465,907/female 1,433,023) 65 years and over: 10.1% (2024 est.) (male 211,014/female 241,781)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 6.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 5.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 1.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

17.11 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2.9% (2019 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

53.2% (2023 est.)

Death rate

5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 54.4 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 38.4 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 16 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 6.3 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 98.5% of population (2022 est.) rural: 86.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 94.7% of population (2022 est.) urban: 1.5% of population (2022 est.) rural: 13.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

2.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 16.3% national budget (2024 est.)

Ethnic groups

Mestizo (mixed Indigenous and White) 65%, Indigenous 12.3% (Ngabe 7.6%, Kuna 2.4%, Embera 0.9%, Bugle 0.8%, other 0.4%, unspecified 0.2%), Black or African descent 9.2%, Mulatto 6.8%, White 6.7% (2010 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

1.13 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

9.7% of GDP (2021) 22.2% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

1.9 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 13.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 15.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.9 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Spanish (official), Indigenous languages (including Ngabere (Guaymi), Buglere, Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Naso (Teribe), and Bri Bri), Panamanian English Creole (a mixture of English and Spanish with elements of Ngabere, also known as Guari Guari and Colon Creole), English, Chinese (Yue and Hakka), Arabic, French Creole, other (Yiddish, Hebrew, Korean, Japanese) major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informaci n b sica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 79.2 years (2024 est.) male: 76.4 years female: 82.2 years

Literacy

total population: 96.3% (2024 est.) male: 97.3% (2024 est.) female: 95.9% (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

1.977 million PANAMA CITY (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

37 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

total: 31.7 years (2025 est.) male: 31 years female: 31.9 years

Nationality

noun: Panamanian(s) adjective: Panamanian

Net migration rate

2.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

22.7% (2016)

Physician density

1.63 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population

total: 4,536,008 (2025 est.) male: 2,284,105 female: 2,251,903

Population distribution

population is concentrated towards the center of the country, particularly around the Canal, but a sizeable segment of the populace also lives in the far west around David; the eastern third of the country is sparsely inhabited

Population growth rate

1.44% (2025 est.)

Religions

Evangelical 55%, Roman Catholic 33.4%, none 10.1%, unspecified 1.5% (2023 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 96.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 70.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 88% of population (2022 est.) urban: 3.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 29.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 12% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 13 years (2016 est.) male: 12 years (2016 est.) female: 14 years (2016 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 4.5% (2025 est.) male: 7.4% (2025 est.) female: 1.7% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.33 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 69.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Terrorist group(s)

Tren de Aragua (TdA) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Illicit drugs

USG identification: major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country (2025)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees: 10,801 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 928 (2024 est.)

Airports

77 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

HP

Heliports

1 (2025)

Merchant marine

total: 8,174 (2023) by type: bulk carrier 2732, container ship 671, general cargo 1,428, oil tanker 866, other 2,477

Ports

total ports: 12 (2024) large: 0 medium: 3 small: 3 very small: 5 size unknown: 1 ports with oil terminals: 5 key ports: Bahia de las Minas, Balboa, Pedregal, Puerto Armuelles, Puerto Colon, Puerto Cristobal

Railways

total: 77 km (2014) standard gauge: 77 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge