Azerbaijan

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 1,805,214 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2017 est.)

Broadcast media

3 state-run and 1 public TV channels; 4 domestic commercial TV stations and about 15 regional TV stations; cable TV services are available in Baku; 1 state-run and 1 public radio network operating; a small number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting; local FM relays of Baku commercial stations are available in many localities; note - all broadcast media is pro-government, and most private broadcast media outlets are owned by entities directly linked to the government (2018)

Internet country code

.az

Internet users

total: 7,720,502 (July 2016 est.) | percent of population: 78.2% (July 2016 est.)

Telephone system

general assessment: more competition exists in the mobile-cellular market; Azerbaijan has moderate mobile, mobile broadband and fixed broadband penetration compared to other Asian nations; Pre-5G network operating on the TD-LTE standard (2017) | domestic: teledensity of some 17 fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity has increased to 102 telephones per 100 persons; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan (Nakhchivan) (2017) | international: country code - 994; the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic link transits Azerbaijan providing international connectivity to neighboring countries; the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth stations - 2 (2017)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 1,688,325 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2017 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 10.127 million (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 102 (2017 est.)

Agriculture - products

fruit, vegetables, grain, rice, grapes, tea, cotton, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats

Budget

revenues: 9.556 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 10.22 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central bank discount rate

15% (10 March 2017) | 15% (14 September 2016) | note: this is the Refinancing Rate, the key policy rate for the National Bank of Azerbaijan

Commercial bank prime lending rate

12.7% (31 December 2017 est.) | 12.56% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current account balance

$1.685 billion (2017 est.) | -$1.363 billion (2016 est.)

Debt - external

$17.41 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $13.83 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

33.7 (2008) | 36.5 (2001)

Economy - overview

Prior to the decline in global oil prices since 2014, Azerbaijan's high economic growth was attributable to rising energy exports and to some non-export sectors. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, the Baku-Novorossiysk, and the Baku-Supsa Pipelines remain the main economic driver, but efforts to boost Azerbaijan's gas production are underway. The expected completion of the geopolitically important Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) between Azerbaijan and Europe will open up another source of revenue from gas exports. First gas to Turkey through the SGC is expected in 2018 with project completion expected by 2020-21. Declining oil prices caused a 3.1% contraction in GDP in 2016, and a 0.8% decline in 2017, highlighted by a sharp reduction in the construction sector. The economic decline was accompanied by higher inflation, a weakened banking sector, and two sharp currency devaluations in 2015. Azerbaijan’s financial sector continued to struggle. In May 2017, Baku allowed the majority state-owed International Bank of Azerbaijan (IBA), the nation’s largest bank, to default on some of its outstanding debt and file for restructuring in Azerbaijani courts; IBA also filed in US and UK bankruptcy courts to have its restructuring recognized in their respective jurisdictions. Azerbaijan has made limited progress with market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors. The government has, however, made efforts to combat corruption, particularly in customs and government services. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress, including the need for more foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. While trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics remains important, Azerbaijan has expanded trade with Turkey and Europe and is seeking new markets for non-oil/gas exports - mainly in the agricultural sector - with Gulf Cooperation Council member countries, the US, and others. It is also improving Baku airport and the Caspian Sea port of Alat for use as a regional transportation and logistics hub. Long-term prospects depend on world oil prices, Azerbaijan's ability to develop export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to improve the business environment and diversify the economy. In late 2016, the president approved a strategic roadmap for economic reforms that identified key non-energy segments of the economy for development, such as agriculture, logistics, information technology, and tourism. In October 2017, the long-awaited Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway, stretching from the Azerbaijani capital to Kars in north-eastern Turkey, began limited service.

Exchange rates

Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar - | 1.723 (2017 est.) | 1.5957 (2016 est.) | 1.5957 (2015 est.) | 1.0246 (2014 est.) | 0.7844 (2013 est.)

Exports

$15.15 billion (2017 est.) | $13.21 billion (2016 est.)

Exports - commodities

oil and gas roughly 90%, machinery, foodstuffs, cotton

Exports - partners

Italy 23.2%, Turkey 13.6%, Israel 6.1%, Russia 5.4%, Germany 5%, Czech Republic 4.6%, Georgia 4.3% (2017)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$40.67 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$172.2 billion (2017 est.) | $172.1 billion (2016 est.) | $177.6 billion (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 57.6% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 11.5% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 23.6% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: 0.5% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 48.7% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -42% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 6.1% (2017 est.) | industry: 53.5% (2017 est.) | services: 40.4% (2017 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$17,500 (2017 est.) | $17,700 (2016 est.) | $18,500 (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - real growth rate

0.1% (2017 est.) | -3.1% (2016 est.) | 0.6% (2015 est.)

Gross national saving

24.6% of GDP (2017 est.) | 22.7% of GDP (2016 est.) | 27.3% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 27.4% (2008) | highest 10%: 27.4% (2008)

Imports

$9.037 billion (2017 est.) | $9.004 billion (2016 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals

Imports - partners

Russia 17.7%, Turkey 14.8%, China 9.9%, US 8.3%, Ukraine 5.3%, Germany 5.1% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate

-3.8% (2017 est.)

Industries

petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

13% (2017 est.) | 12.6% (2016 est.)

Labor force

5.118 million (2017 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 37% | industry: 14.3% | services: 48.9% (2014)

Market value of publicly traded shares

NA

Population below poverty line

4.9% (2015 est.)

Public debt

54.1% of GDP (2017 est.) | 50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$6.681 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $7.142 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of broad money

$6.202 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $5.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$19.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $17.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$79.53 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $73.83 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$13.31 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $13.44 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$6.202 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $5.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

23.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate

5% (2017 est.) | 5% (2016 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

35.6 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports

718,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - production

789,300 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

7 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption

20.24 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports

265 million kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

84% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

14% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

2% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports

114 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

7.876 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production

23.57 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption

10.34 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports

8.042 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports

2.095 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production

16.96 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

991.1 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

100,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

46,480 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

5,576 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

138,900 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Area

total: 86,600 sq km | land: 82,629 sq km | water: 3,971 sq km | note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991

Area - comparative

about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine

Climate

dry, semiarid steppe

Coastline

0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km)

Elevation

mean elevation: 384 m | elevation extremes: -28 m lowest point: Caspian Sea | 4466 highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi

Environment - current issues

local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution results from oil spills, from the use of DDT pesticide, and from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton; surface and underground water are polluted by untreated municipal and industrial wastewater and agricultural run-off

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

40 30 N, 47 30 E

Geography - note

both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked

Irrigated land

14,277 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 2,468 km | border countries (5): Armenia 996 km, Georgia 428 km, Iran 689 km, Russia 338 km, Turkey 17 km

Land use

agricultural land: 57.6% (2014 est.) | arable land: 22.8% (2014 est.) / permanent crops: 2.7% (2014 est.) / permanent pasture: 32.1% (2014 est.) | forest: 11.3% (2014 est.) | other: 31.1% (2014 est.)

Location

Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range

Map references

Asia

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

droughts

Natural resources

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite

Population distribution

highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the county, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population

Terrain

large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea

Administrative divisions

66 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular); rayons: Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab; cities: Baku, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan (Nakhichevan), Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax

Capital

name: Baku (Baki, Baky) | geographic coordinates: 40 23 N, 49 52 E | time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | etymology: the name derives from the Persian designation of the city "bad-kube" meaning "wind-pounded city" and refers to the harsh winds and severe snow storms that can hit the city note: at approximately 28 m below sea level, Baku's elevation makes it the lowest capital city in the world

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: yes | citizenship by descent only: yes | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution

history: several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995 (2017) | amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2009, 2016 (2017)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan | conventional short form: Azerbaijan | local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi | local short form: Azarbaycan | former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: the name translates as "Land of Fire" and refers to naturally occurring surface fires on ancient oil pools or from natural gas discharges

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires William GILL (since August 2016) | embassy: 111 Azadlig Prospekti, Baku AZ1007 | mailing address: American Embassy Baku, US Department of State, 7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050 | telephone: [994] (12) 488-3300 | FAX: [994] (12) 488-3330

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Elin SULEYMANOV (since 5 December 2011) | chancery: 2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 337-3500 | FAX: [1] (202) 337-5911 | consulate(s) general: Los Angeles

Executive branch

chief of state: President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003); First Vice President Mehriban ALIYEVA (since 21 February 2017) | head of government: Prime Minister Novruz MAMMADOV (since 21 April 2018); First Deputy Prime Minister Yaqub EYYUBOV (since June 2006) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (eligible for unlimited terms); election last held on 11 April 2018 (next to be held in 2025); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; note - a constitutional amendment approved in a September 2016 referendum expanded presidential terms from 5 to 7 years; a separate constitutional amendment approved in the same referendum also introduced the post of first vice-president and additional vice-presidents, who are directly appointed by the president | election results: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9% | note: OSCE observers noted shortcomings in the election, including a restrictive political environment, limits on fundamental freedoms, a lack of genuine competition, and ballot box stuffing

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band; the blue band recalls Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red stands for modernization and progress, and green refers to Islam; the crescent moon and star are a Turkic insignia; the eight star points represent the eight Turkic peoples of the world

Government type

presidential republic

Independence

30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Judicial branch

highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, vice chairman, and 23 judges in plenum sessions and organized into civil, economic affairs, criminal, and rights violations chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis; judges appointed for 10 years; Constitutional Court chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the president; other court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis to serve single 15-year terms | subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (replaced the Economic Court in 2002); district and municipal courts;

Legal system

civil law system

Legislative branch

description: unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held in November 2020) | election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - YAP 69, CSP 2, AVP 1, Civil Unity 1, CUP 1, Democratic Enlightenment 1, Democratic Reforms 1, Great Undertaking Party 1, National Renaissance Party 1, Social Democratic Party 1, Social Prosperity Party 1, Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front 1, independent 43, invalid 1; composition - men 104, women 21, percent of women 16.8%

National anthem

name: "Azerbaijan Marsi" (March of Azerbaijan) | lyrics/music: Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV | note: adopted 1992; although originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, "Azerbaijan Marsi" did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union

National holiday

Republic Day (founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan), 28 May (1918)

National symbol(s)

flames of fire; national colors: blue, red, green

Political parties and leaders

Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI]Civil Unity Party or CUP [Sabir HAJIYEV] Democratic Enlightenment [Elshan MUSAYEV] Democratic Reforms Party [Asim MOLLAZADE] Great Undertaking [Fazil MUSTAFA] Musavat [Arif HAJILI] Popular Front Party [Ali KARIMLI] Motherland Party or AVP [Fazail AGAMALI] National Renaissance Party Social Democratic Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV] Social Prosperity Party [Khanhusein KAZIMLI] Unity Party [Tahir KARIMLI] Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV] Yeni (New) Azerbaijan Party or YAP [President Ilham ALIYEV]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily ethnic Armenian-populated region that Moscow recognized in 1923 as an autonomous republic within Soviet Azerbaijan after Armenia and Azerbaijan disputed the territory's status. Armenia and Azerbaijan reignited their dispute over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated militarily after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding provinces in the territory of Azerbaijan. The OSCE Minsk Group, co-chaired by the US, France, and Russia, is the framework established to mediate a peaceful resolution of the conflict. In the 25 years following its independence, Azerbaijan succeeded in significantly reducing the poverty rate and has directed revenues from its oil and gas production to significant development of the country’s infrastructure. However, corruption in the country is widespread, and the government has been accused of authoritarianism. The country’s leadership has remained in the Aliyev family since Heydar ALIYEV became president in 1993 and was succeeded by his son, President Ilham ALIYEV in 2003. Following two national referendums in the past several years that eliminated presidential term limits and extended presidential terms from 5 to 7 years, President ALIYEV secured a fourth term as president in April 2018 in elections that international observers noted had serious shortcomings. Reforms to diversify the country’s non-oil economy remain dependent on subsidies from oil and gas revenues, while other reforms have not adequately addressed weaknesses in most government institutions, particularly in the education and health sectors, as well as the court system.

Military branches

Army, Navy, Air, and Air Defense Forces (2010)

Military expenditures

3.64% of GDP (2016) | 5.61% of GDP (2015) | 4.56% of GDP (2014) | 4.54% of GDP (2013) | 4.66% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation

18-35 years of age for compulsory military service; service obligation 18 months or 12 months for university graduates; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 17 year olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 23.05% (male 1,233,424 /female 1,082,007) | 15-24 years: 14.03% (male 743,142 /female 666,550) | 25-54 years: 45.44% (male 2,247,545 /female 2,317,630) | 55-64 years: 10.67% (male 493,555 /female 578,440) | 65 years and over: 6.81% (male 262,989 /female 421,234) (2018 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Middle East :: Azerbaijan Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Azerbaijan. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate

15.3 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

4.9% (2013)

Death rate

7 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 40.2 (2015 est.) | youth dependency ratio: 32.1 (2015 est.) | elderly dependency ratio: 8 (2015 est.) | potential support ratio: 12.4 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 94.7% of population | rural: 77.8% of population | total: 87% of population | unimproved: urban: 5.3% of population | rural: 22.2% of population | total: 13% of population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

3% of GDP (2015)

Ethnic groups

Azerbaijani 91.6%, Lezghin 2%, Russian 1.3%, Armenian 1.3%, Talysh 1.3%, other 2.4% (2009 est.) | note: the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region is populated almost entirely by ethnic Armenians

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

<500 (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

8,000 (2017 est.)

Health expenditures

6% of GDP (2014)

Hospital bed density

4.7 beds/1,000 population (2013)

Infant mortality rate

total: 23 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | male: 23.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | female: 22 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Azerbaijani (Azeri) (official) 92.5%, Russian 1.4%, Armenian 1.4%, other 4.7% (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 73 years (2018 est.) | male: 70 years (2018 est.) | female: 76.4 years (2018 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2016 est.) | total population: 99.8% (2016 est.) | male: 99.9% (2016 est.) | female: 99.7% (2016 est.)

Major urban areas - population

2.286 million BAKU (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality rate

25 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age

total: 31.7 years | male: 30.2 years | female: 33.4 years (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

23.2 years (2014 est.)

Nationality

noun: Azerbaijani(s) | adjective: Azerbaijani

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

19.9% (2016)

Physicians density

3.4 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population

10,046,516 (July 2018 est.)

Population distribution

highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the county, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population

Population growth rate

0.83% (2018 est.)

Religions

Muslim 96.9% (predominantly Shia), Christian 3%, other <0.1, unaffiliated <0.1 (2010 est.) | note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 91.6% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 86.6% of population (2015 est.) | total: 89.3% of population (2015 est.) | unimproved: urban: 8.4% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 13.4% of population (2015 est.) | total: 10.7% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 13 years (2014) | male: 13 years (2014) | female: 13 years (2014)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 0-14 years: 1.15 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 15-24 years: 1.09 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 55-64 years: 0.86 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.89 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 13.4% (2015 est.) | male: 11.4% (2015 est.) | female: 15.8% (2015 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 55.7% of total population (2018) | rate of urbanization: 1.58% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Disputes - international

Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the seathe dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instabilityresidents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijanlocal border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian bordersbilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian

Illicit drugs

limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs: 393,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh; IDPs are mainly ethnic Azerbaijanis but also include ethnic Kurds, Russians, and Turks predominantly from occupied territories around Nagorno-Karabakh; includes IDPs' descendants, returned IDPs, and people living in insecure areas and excludes people displaced by natural disasters; around half the IDPs live in the capital Baku) (2017) | stateless persons: 3,585 (2017)

Airports

37 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 30 (2017) | over 3,047 m: 5 (2017) | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 (2017) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 (2017) | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2017) | under 914 m: 3 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 7 (2013) | under 914 m: 7 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

4K (2016)

Heliports

1 (2012)

Merchant marine

total: 311 (2017) | by type: general cargo 48, oil tanker 48, other 215 (2017)

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 2 (2015) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 35 (2015) | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,803,112 (2015) | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 41,954,600 mt-km (2015)

Pipelines

89 km condensate, 3890 km gas, 2446 km oil (2013)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Baku (Baki) located on the Caspian Sea

Railways

total: 2,944 km (2017) | broad gauge: 2,944.3 km 1.520-m gauge (approx. 1,767 km electrified) (2017)

Roadways

total: 52,942 km (2006) | paved: 26,789 km (2006) | unpaved: 26,153 km (2006)