Andorra

Broadcast media

1 public TV station and 2 public radio stations; about 10 commercial radio stations; good reception of radio and TV broadcasts from stations in France and Spain; upgraded to terrestrial digital TV broadcasting in 2007; roughly 25 international TV channels available (2016)

Internet country code

.ad

Internet users

total: 83,887 | percent of population: 97.9% (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176

Telephone system

general assessment: modern automatic telephone system | domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges | international: country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 38,694 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 45 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 168

Telephones - mobile cellular

total: 71,132 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 83 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 198

Agriculture - products

small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco; sheep, cattle

Budget

revenues: $1.872 billion | expenditures: $2.06 billion (2016)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-6.9% of GDP (2016) | country comparison to the world: 184

Debt - external

$0 (2016) | country comparison to the world: 205

Economy - overview

Andorra has a developed economy and a free market, with per capita income above the European average and above the level of its neighbors, Spain and France. The country has developed a sophisticated infrastructure including a one-of-a-kind micro-fiber-optic network for the entire country. Tourism, retail sales, and finance are the mainstays of Andorra's small economy, accounting for more than three-quarters of GDP. Andorra's duty-free status for some products and its summer and winter resorts attract millions of visitors annually, although the economic downturn in neighboring countries has curtailed the number of tourists. Andorra uses the euro and is effectively subject to the monetary policy of the European Central Bank. Andorra's comparative advantage as a tax haven eroded when the borders of neighboring France and Spain opened; its bank secrecy laws have been relaxed under pressure from the EU and OECD. | Agricultural production is limited - only about 5% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported, making the economy vulnerable to changes in fuel and food prices. The principal livestock is sheep. Manufacturing output and exports consist mainly of perfumes and cosmetic products, products of the printing industry, electrical machinery and equipment, clothing, tobacco products, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products. | Andorra is open to, and actively seeking to attract, foreign investment. The Andorran economy is undergoing a process of diversification centered largely on the sectors of tourism, trade, property, and finance. To provide incentives for growth and diversification in the economy, the Andorran government began sweeping economic reforms in 2006. The Parliament approved three laws to complement the first phase of economic openness: on companies (October 2007), on business accounting (December 2007), and on foreign investment (April 2008 and June 2012). From 2011 to 2015, the Parliament also approved direct taxes in the form of taxes on corporations, on individual incomes of residents and non-residents, and on capital gains, savings, and economic activities. These regulations aim to establish a transparent, modern, and internationally comparable regulatory framework. | The principal objectives of the economic reform are to attract investment and businesses which can contribute most to Andorra’s economic development, offering greater diversification and contributing higher added value. Prior to 2008, when the first law on investment was approved, Andorra offered limited foreign investment opportunities largely due to concerns about the impact of foreign firms on such a small economy. As a consequence, non-citizens were allowed to own no more than 33% of a company. Only after residing in the country for a minimum of 20 years were foreigners entitled to own 100%.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - | 0.92 (2016 est.) | 0.89 (2015 est.) | 0.89 (2014 est.) | 0.76 (2013 est.) | 0.78 (2012 est.)

Exports

$78.71 million (2015 est.) | $79.57 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199

Exports - commodities

tobacco products, furniture

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$2.712 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$3.327 billion (2015 est.) | $3.363 billion (2014 est.) | $3.273 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2012 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 184

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 11.9% | industry: 33.6% | services: 54.5% (2015 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$49,900 (2015 est.) | $51,300 (2014 est.) | $50,300 (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 25

GDP - real growth rate

-1.1% (2015 est.) | 1.4% (2014 est.) | -0.1% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% | highest 10%: NA%

Imports

$1.257 billion (2015 est.) | $1.264 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 174

Imports - commodities

consumer goods, food, fuel, electricity

Industrial production growth rate

NA%

Industries

tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

-0.9% (2015 est.) | -0.1% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 15

Labor force

39,750 (2016) | country comparison to the world: 196

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 0.5% | industry: 4.4% | services: 95.1% (2015)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

41% of GDP (2014 est.) | 41.4% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 131

Taxes and other revenues

69% of GDP (2016) | country comparison to the world: 4

Unemployment rate

3.7% (2016 est.) | 4.1% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 40

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2016) (2016) | country comparison to the world: 88

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2016) (2016) | country comparison to the world: 93

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2016) | country comparison to the world: 106

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (2016) (2016) | country comparison to the world: 106

Electricity - consumption

221.6 million kWh (2015) | country comparison to the world: 187

Electricity - exports

6,000 kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95

Electricity - from fossil fuels

61.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

23.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 83

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 40

Electricity - imports

471.3 million kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 82

Electricity - installed generating capacity

520,000 kW (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145

Electricity - production

99.48 million kWh (2015) | country comparison to the world: 198

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2016) (2016) | country comparison to the world: 154

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2016) (2016) | country comparison to the world: 62

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2016) (2016) | country comparison to the world: 84

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2016) (2016) | country comparison to the world: 104

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (2016) | country comparison to the world: 111

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2016) | country comparison to the world: 115

Area

total: 468 sq km | land: 468 sq km | water: 0 sq km | country comparison to the world: 196

Area - comparative

2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Climate

temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

mean elevation: 1,996 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m | highest point: Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m

Environment - current issues

deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

42 30 N, 1 30 E

Geography - note

landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees

Irrigated land

0 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 118 km | border countries (2): France 55 km, Spain 63 km

Land use

agricultural land: 43.4% | arable land 5.5%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 37.9% | forest: 34% | other: 22.6% (2011 est.)

Location

Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

avalanches

Natural resources

hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

Population - distribution

population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the 7 urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)

Terrain

rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Administrative divisions

7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

Capital

name: Andorra la Vella | geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 31 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: the mother must be an Andorran citizen or the father must have been born in Andorra and both parents maintain permanent residence in Andorra | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years

Constitution

history: drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993 | amendments: proposed by the coprinces jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the coprinces (2016)

Country name

conventional long form: Principality of Andorra | conventional short form: Andorra | local long form: Principat d'Andorra | local short form: Andorra | etymology: the origin of the country's name is obscure; since the area served as part of the Spanish March (defensive buffer zone) against the invading Moors in the 8th century, the name may derive from the Arabic "ad-darra" meaning "the forest"

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the US Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: [34] (93) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (93) 280-6175

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Elisenda VIVES BALMANA (since 2 March 2016) | chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017 | telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064 | FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630

Executive branch

chief of state: French Coprince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Jean-Pierre HUGUES (since 15 June 2016) and Spanish Coprince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Josep Maria MAUN (since 20 July 2012) | head of government: Head of Government (or Cap de Govern) Antoni MARTI PETIT (since 12 May 2011) | cabinet: Executive Council designated by head of government | elections/appointments: head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the coprinces for a 4-year term; election last held on 31 March 2015 (next to be held in April 2019); the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government | election results: Antoni MARTI PETIT (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 79%

Flag description

three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other 2 so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection | note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem

Government type

parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain, who are represented in Andorra by the co-princes' representatives

Independence

1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

CE, FAO, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the coprinces, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts; judges serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional magistrates appointed 2 by the coprinces and 2 by the General Council; magistrates' appointments limited to 2 consecutive 8-year terms | subordinate courts: Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts

Legal system

mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon law

Legislative branch

description: unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies (parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - each voter casts two separate ballots - one for a national list and one for a parish list | elections: last held on 1 March 2015 (next to be held in April 2019) | election results: percent of vote by party - DA 34.5%, PLA 25.0%, PS-VA-IC-independent coalition 21.3%, SDP 9.6%, invalid votes 9.5%; seats by party - DA 15, PLA 8, PS-VA-IC-independent coalition 3, SDP 2

National anthem

name: "El Gran Carlemany" (The Great Charlemagne) | lyrics/music: Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS | note: adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first person narrative

National holiday

Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)

National symbol(s)

national colors: blue, yellow, red

Political parties and leaders

Citizens' Initiative or IC [Sergi RICART] (including PS, VA, IC, and independents) | Democrats for Andorra or DA [Antoni MARTI PETIT] | Greens of Andorra or VA [Isabel LOZANO MUNOZ, Juli FERNANDEZ BLASI] | Liberal Party or PLA [Jordi GALLARDO] | Social Democratic Party or PS [Vincenc ALAY FERRER] | Social Democratic Progress Party or SDP [Victor NAUDI ZAMORA] | note: Andorra has several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

The landlocked Principality of Andorra is one of the smallest states in Europe, nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique coprincipality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern, constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. | Andorra has become a popular tourist destination visited by approximately 8 million people each year drawn by the winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of its effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment, and engaged in other reforms, such as advancing tax initiatives aimed at supporting a broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the organization and uses the euro as its national currency.

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Military branches

no regular military forces; Police Corps of Andorra (2017)

Age structure

0-14 years: 14.4% (male 6,340/female 6,003) | 15-24 years: 9.64% (male 4,289/female 3,976) | 25-54 years: 46.18% (male 20,233/female 19,348) | 55-64 years: 14.16% (male 6,458/female 5,677) | 65 years and over: 15.61% (male 6,788/female 6,590) (2017 est.)

Birth rate

7.5 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 224

Death rate

7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

3.1% of GDP (2014)

Ethnic groups

Andorran 46.2%, Spanish 26.4%, Portuguese 12.8%, French 5%, other 9.6% (2016 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Health expenditures

8.1% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 55

Hospital bed density

2.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)

Infant mortality rate

total: 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199

Languages

Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 82.9 years | male: 80.7 years | female: 85.2 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 8

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 100% | male: 100% | female: 100% (2016 est.)

Major urban areas - population

ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) 23,000 (2014)

Median age

total: 44.3 years | male: 44.4 years | female: 44.1 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 13

Nationality

noun: Andorran(s) | adjective: Andorran

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

25.6% (2016) | country comparison to the world: 49

Physicians density

3.69 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Population

76,965 (July 2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 200

Population distribution

population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the 7 urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)

Population growth rate

0.03% (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 193

Religions

Roman Catholic (predominant)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 1.15 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female | total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.4 children born/woman (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 212

Urbanization

urban population: 84.1% of total population (2017) | rate of urbanization: 0.09% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Disputes - international

none

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

C3 (2016)

Roadways

total: 320 km (2015) | country comparison to the world: 205