Angola

Broadcast media

state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)

Internet country code

.ao

Internet hosts

20,703 (2012) country comparison to the world: 116

Internet users

606,700 (2009) country comparison to the world: 114

Telephone system

general assessment: limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001 domestic: only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011 international: country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)

Telephones - main lines in use

303,200 (2011) country comparison to the world: 115

Telephones - mobile cellular

9.491 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 78

Agriculture - products

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Budget

revenues: $56.07 billion expenditures: $42.26 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

12% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Central bank discount rate

25% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 3 30% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

16% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 21 18.76% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$17.09 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 22 $15.92 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$19.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 80 $18.78 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Economy - overview

Angola's high growth rate in recent years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and its current assigned a production quota of 1.65 million barrels a day (bbl/day). Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, even though peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Since 2005, the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. The global recession that started in 2008 temporarily stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to about 10% in 2012. Higher oil prices have helped Angola turn a budget deficit of 8.6% of GDP in 2009 into an surplus of 12% of GDP in 2012. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, also is a major challenge.

Exchange rates

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 95.54 (2012 est.) 93.741 (2011 est.) 91.906 (2010 est.) 79.33 (2009) 75.023 (2008)

Exports

$71.95 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 50 $65.8 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Exports - partners

China 38.1%, US 21.2%, India 9.2%, Canada 4.2% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$114.8 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$126.2 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 66 $118.1 billion (2011 est.) $113.7 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 9.6% industry: 65.8% services: 24.6% (2008 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$6,200 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 140 $6,000 (2011 est.) $6,000 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

6.8% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 30 3.9% (2011 est.) 3.4% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 0.6% highest 10%: 44.7% (2000)

Imports

$22.32 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 74 $19.75 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners

Portugal 20.5%, China 17.8%, US 9.6%, Brazil 6.9%, South Africa 5.7%, France 5.1% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 66

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

10.3% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 199 13.5% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

13.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Labor force

8.468 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 85% industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)

Population below poverty line

40.5% (2006 est.)

Public debt

17.1% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 133 18.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$34.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 $27.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$44.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 $36.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$8.196 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 $6.346 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$115.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 $101.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$27.12 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 73 $22.18 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$12.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 $11.58 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

48.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 21

Unemployment rate

NA

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

24.2 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Crude oil - exports

1.757 million bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 9

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 153

Crude oil - production

1.84 million bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Crude oil - proved reserves

15 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 16

Electricity - consumption

3.659 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 124

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 156

Electricity - from fossil fuels

56.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 144

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

43.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 40

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 104

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 155

Electricity - installed generating capacity

1.155 million kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 121

Electricity - production

4.08 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 122

Natural gas - consumption

733 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 96

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 153

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 154

Natural gas - production

734 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Natural gas - proved reserves

310 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

Refined petroleum products - consumption

79,430 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Refined petroleum products - exports

31,050 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

Refined petroleum products - imports

41,480 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Refined petroleum products - production

37,310 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Area

total: 1,246,700 sq km country comparison to the world: 23 land: 1,246,700 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Climate

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Coastline

1,600 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m

Environment - current issues

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.35 cu km/yr (23%/17%/60%) per capita: 22 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

12 30 S, 18 30 E

Geography - note

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Irrigated land

800 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 5,198 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Land use

arable land: 2.65% permanent crops: 0.23% other: 97.12% (2005)

Location

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Natural resources

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Terrain

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Total renewable water resources

184 cu km (1987)

Administrative divisions

18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Capital

name: Luanda geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

adopted by National Assembly 5 February 2010

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Angola conventional short form: Angola local long form: Republica de Angola local short form: Angola former: People's Republic of Angola

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher J. MCMULLEN embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550 telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000 FAX: [244] (222) 64-1232

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1258 consulate(s) general: Houston, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; President DOS SANTOS was selected by the party to take over after the death of former President Augustino NETO (1979) under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections on 29-30 September 1992 but the election was suspended; following the results of the 2012 legislative elections Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS was indirectly elected president(elligible for a second term) election results: NA; Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS was indirectly elected president by the National Assembly following legislative elections on 31 August 2012; DOS SANTOS was inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants

Government type

republic; multiparty presidential regime

Independence

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional; Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo; Court of Auditions or Tribunal de Contas; Supreme Military Court or Supremo Tribunal Militar; judges for all courts appointed by the president

Legal system

civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2016) election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.8%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2

National anthem

name: "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola) lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO note: adopted 1975

National holiday

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

National symbol(s)

sable antelope

Political parties and leaders

Broad Convergence for Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Lucas NGONDA]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party); New Democracy Electoral Union or ND [Quintino de MOREIRA]; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975); Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA] note: 21 other parties registered to participate in the national election in August 2012

Political pressure groups and leaders

Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE] note: FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Angola is rebuilding its country after the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again by 1996. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010 and held elections in 2012.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 3,062,438 females age 16-49: 2,964,262 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 1,546,781 females age 16-49: 1,492,308 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 155,476 female: 152,054 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)

Military expenditures

3.6% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 31

Military service age and obligation

20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); conscript service obligation - 2 years; 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 43.9% (male 4,041,055/ female 3,884,175) 15-64 years: 53.2% (male 4,845,463/ female 4,763,480) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 241,421/ female 280,478) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

39.36 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

27.5% (2001) country comparison to the world: 23

Death rate

12.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 28

Education expenditures

2.6% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 147

Ethnic groups

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

2% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 30

HIV/AIDS - deaths

11,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 26

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

200,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 27

Health expenditures

4.6% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 146

Hospital bed density

0.8 beds/1,000 population (2005)

Infant mortality rate

total: 83.53 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 8 male: 87.39 deaths/1,000 live births female: 79.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages

Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 54.59 years country comparison to the world: 202 male: 53.49 years female: 55.73 years (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 70.1% male: 82.7% female: 58.1% (2010 est.)

Major cities - population

LUANDA (capital) 4.511 million; Huambo 979,000 (2009)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

450 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 24

Median age

total: 17.7 years male: 17.5 years female: 17.9 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Angolan(s) adjective: Angolan

Net migration rate

0.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

Physicians density

0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

Population

18,056,072 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Population growth rate

2.784% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Religions

indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 86% of population rural: 18% of population total: 57% of population unimproved: urban: 14% of population rural: 82% of population total: 43% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 9 years (2006)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.54 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Urbanization

urban population: 59% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Illicit drugs

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 13,648 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2011) IDPs: 19,500 (27-year civil war ending in 2002) (2005)

Airports

176 (2012) country comparison to the world: 33

Airports - with paved runways

total: 30 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 146 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 31 914 to 1,523 m: 66 under 914 m: 43 (2012)

Heliports

1 (2012)

Merchant marine

total: 7 country comparison to the world: 123 by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Spain 1) registered in other countries: 17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010)

Pipelines

gas 2 km; oil 87 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

Railways

total: 2,764 km country comparison to the world: 59 narrow gauge: 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)

Roadways

total: 51,429 km country comparison to the world: 78 paved: 5,349 km unpaved: 46,080 km (2001)

Waterways

1,300 km (2011) country comparison to the world: 56