Bulgaria

Broadcast media

4 national terrestrial TV stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately owned; a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers; state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks; large number of private radio stations broadcasting, especially in urban areas (2010)

Internet country code

.bg

Internet hosts

976,277 (2012) country comparison to the world: 47

Internet users

3.395 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 63

Telephone system

general assessment: inherited an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network from the Soviet era; quality has improved with a modern digital trunk line now connecting switching centers in most of the regions; remaining areas are connected by digital microwave radio relay domestic: the Bulgaria Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 in an effort to upgrade fixed-line services; mobile-cellular teledensity, fostered by multiple service providers, has reached 150 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 359; submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

2.253 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 55

Telephones - mobile cellular

10.78 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 74

Agriculture - products

vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock

Budget

revenues: $18.81 billion expenditures: $20.12 billion (2013 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2.4% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Central bank discount rate

$NA (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 141 0.22% (31 December 2011 est.) note: Bulgarian National Bank (BNB) has had no independent monetary policy since the introduction of the Currency Board regime in 1997; this is BNB's base interest rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

9.1% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 88 9.72% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance

-$182.3 million (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 83 -$669.5 million (2012 est.)

Debt - external

$37.85 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 $36.52 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

45.3 (2007) country comparison to the world: 39 26 (2001)

Economy - overview

Bulgaria, a former Communist country that entered the EU on 1 January 2007, averaged more than 6% annual growth from 2004 to 2008, driven by significant amounts of bank lending, consumption, and foreign direct investment. Successive governments have demonstrated a commitment to economic reforms and responsible fiscal planning, but the global downturn sharply reduced domestic demand, exports, capital inflows, and industrial production. GDP contracted by 5.5% in 2009, and has been slow to recover in the years since. Despite having a favorable investment regime, including low, flat corporate income taxes, significant challenges remain. Corruption in public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects.

Exchange rates

leva (BGN) per US dollar - 1.478 (2013 est.) 1.5221 (2012 est.) 1.4774 (2010 est.) 1.404 (2009) 1.3171 (2008)

Exports

$27.9 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 $26.7 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities

clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels

Exports - partners

Germany 10.4%, Turkey 9.1%, Italy 8.7%, Romania 8.2%, Greece 7.3%, France 4% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$53.7 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$104.6 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 74 $104.1 billion (2012 est.) $103.3 billion (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 70.4% government consumption: 7.9% investment in fixed capital: 21.3% investment in inventories: 2.5% exports of goods and services: 69.7% imports of goods and services: -71.8% (2013 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 6.7% industry: 30.3% services: 63% (2013 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$14,400 (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 93 $14,300 (2012 est.) $14,100 (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

0.5% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 186 0.8% (2012 est.) 1.8% (2011 est.)

Gross national saving

23.5% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 60 22.5% of GDP (2012 est.) 22% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 35.2% (2007)

Imports

$32.88 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 65 $31.15 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials

Imports - partners

Russia 20.9%, Germany 11.3%, Italy 6.7%, Romania 6.6%, Greece 6.1%, Turkey 4.6%, Spain 4.5% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

1% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 147

Industries

electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.5% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 3% (2012 est.)

Labor force

2.551 million (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 7.1% industry: 35.2% services: 57.7% (2009)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$6.666 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 $8.253 billion (31 December 2011) $7.276 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line

21.8% (2008)

Public debt

18.4% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 138 16.3% of GDP (2012 est.) defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$20.69 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 $20.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money

$45.84 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 $41.53 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$1.939 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 $1.82 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$54.21 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 53 $52.21 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$37.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 66 $37.12 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$17.55 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 65 $15.51 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

35% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

Unemployment rate

11.6% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 120 11.1% (2012 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

52.44 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Crude oil - imports

124,700 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Crude oil - production

3,384 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 101

Crude oil - proved reserves

15 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 85

Electricity - consumption

30.46 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Electricity - exports

12.11 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Electricity - from fossil fuels

45.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 163

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

21.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 86

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

19% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Electricity - from other renewable sources

4.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 48

Electricity - imports

1.45 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 58

Electricity - installed generating capacity

10.01 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Electricity - production

43.39 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Natural gas - consumption

2.54 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 72

Natural gas - imports

2.64 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 44

Natural gas - production

410 million cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 73

Natural gas - proved reserves

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 93

Refined petroleum products - consumption

112,700 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 73

Refined petroleum products - exports

73,740 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 52

Refined petroleum products - imports

50,130 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Refined petroleum products - production

128,500 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

Area

total: 110,879 sq km country comparison to the world: 105 land: 108,489 sq km water: 2,390 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than Tennessee

Climate

temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

Coastline

354 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Musala 2,925 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 6.12 cu km/yr (16%/68%/16%) per capita: 821.8 cu m/yr (2009)

Geographic coordinates

43 00 N, 25 00 E

Geography - note

strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia

Irrigated land

1,046 sq km (2007)

Land boundaries

total: 1,806 km border countries: Greece 472 km, Macedonia 162 km, Romania 605 km, Serbia 344 km, Turkey 223 km

Land use

arable land: 29.28% permanent crops: 1.44% other: 69.28% (2011)

Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

earthquakes; landslides

Natural resources

bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land

Terrain

mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast

Total renewable water resources

21.3 cu km (2011)

Administrative divisions

28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo, Kurdzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofiya (Sofia), Sofiya-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Turgovishte, Varna, Veliko Turnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol

Capital

name: Sofia geographic coordinates: 42 41 N, 23 19 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution

several previous; latest drafted between late 1990 and early 1991, adopted 12 July 1991; amended several times, last in 2007 (2007)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria conventional short form: Bulgaria local long form: Republika Balgariya local short form: Balgariya

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Marcie B. RIES (since 5 September 2012) embassy: 16 Kozyak Street, Sofia 1408 mailing address: American Embassy Sofia, US Department of State, 5740 Sofia Place, Washington, DC 20521-5740 telephone: [359] (2) 937-5100 FAX: [359] (2) 937-5320

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Elena POPTODOROVA (since 4 August 2010) chancery: 1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 387-0174 FAX: [1] (202) 234-7973 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Rosen PLEVNELIEV (since 22 January 2012); Vice President Margarita POPOVA (since 22 January 2012) head of government: Prime Minister Plamen ORESHARSKI (since 29 May 2013), Deputy Prime Ministers Zinaida ZLATANOVA (since 29 May 2013), Tsvetlin YOVCHEV (since June 2013), and Daniela BOBEVA (since June 2013) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 and 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2016); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly election results: Rosen PLEVNELIEV elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - Rosen PLEVNELIEV 52.6%, Ivailo KALFIN 47.4%; Plamen ORESHARSKI elected prime minister; result of legislative vote - 120 to 97

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the pan-Slavic white-blue-red colors were modified by substituting a green band (representing freedom) for the blue note: the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Independence

3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of a chairman and approximately 72 judges organized into penal, civil, and commercial colleges); Supreme Administrative Court (organized in 2 colleges with various panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 justices); note - Constitutional Court resides outside the Judiciary judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court of Cassation and Supreme Administrative judges elected by the Supreme Judicial Council or SJC (consists of 25 members with extensive legal experience) and appointed by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court justices elected by the National Assembly and appointed by the president and the SJC; justices appointed for 9-year terms with renewal of four justices every 3 years subordinate courts: appeals courts; regional and district courts; administrative courts; courts martial

Legal system

civil law

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (240 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 12 May 2013 (next to be held spring 2017) election results: percent of vote by party - GERB 30.5%, BSP 26.6%, MRF 11.3%, Ataka 7.3%; seats by party - GERB 97, BSP 84, MRF 36, Ataka 23

National anthem

name: "Mila Rodino" (Dear Homeland)

National holiday

Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)

National symbol(s)

lion

Political parties and leaders

Attack (Ataka) [Volen Nikolov SIDEROV] Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV] Bulgaria of the Citizens [Meglena KUNEVA] Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV] Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB [Sergei STANISHEV] (coalition of parties dominated by BSP) Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Radan KANEV] Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or IMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV] Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Lyutvi MESTAN] National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria or NFSB [Valeri SIMEONOV] National Movement for Stability and Progress or NDSV [Hristina HRISTOVA] (formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2) Order, Law, and Justice or RZS [Yane YANEV] Union of Democratic Forces or UDF [Bozhidar LUKARSKI]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB Podkrepa Labor Confederation other: numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 1,637,470 females age 16-49: 1,621,352 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 1,320,955 females age 16-49: 1,337,616 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 33,444 female: 32,075 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Bulgarian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Bulgarian Air Forces (Bulgarski Voennovazdyshni Sily, BVVS) (2011)

Military expenditures

1.46% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 67 1.55% of GDP (2011) 1.46% of GDP (2010)

Military service age and obligation

18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in January 2008; service obligation 6-9 months (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 14.2% (male 505,025/female 479,899) 15-24 years: 10.1% (male 359,730/female 340,203) 25-54 years: 42.4% (male 1,459,753/female 1,475,240) 55-64 years: 14% (male 446,784/female 519,513) 65 years and over: 19.3% (male 538,720/female 799,849) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

8.92 births/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 210

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

1.6% (2004) country comparison to the world: 127

Contraceptive prevalence rate

69.2% note: percent of women age 20-49 (2007)

Death rate

14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 50.3 % youth dependency ratio: 20.8 % elderly dependency ratio: 29.5 % potential support ratio: 3.4 (2014 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 99.6% of population rural: 99% of population total: 99.5% of population unimproved: urban: 0.4% of population rural: 1% of population total: 0.5% of population (2012 est.)

Education expenditures

4.1% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 108

Ethnic groups

Bulgarian 76.9%, Turkish 8%, Roma 4.4%, other 0.7% (including Russian, Armenian, and Vlach), other (unknown) 10% (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 129

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 200 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

3,800 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 128

Health expenditures

7.6% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 73

Hospital bed density

6.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

total: 15.08 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 106 male: 18.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Languages

Bulgarian (official) 76.8%, Turkish 8.2%, Roma 3.8%, other 0.7%, unspecified 10.5% (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 74.33 years country comparison to the world: 112 male: 70.74 years female: 78.13 years (2014 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.4% male: 98.7% female: 98% (2011 est.)

Major urban areas - population

SOFIA (capital) 1.174 million (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

11 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 152

Median age

total: 42.6 years male: 40.3 years female: 44.8 years (2014 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

26.3 (2011 est.)

Nationality

noun: Bulgarian(s) adjective: Bulgarian

Net migration rate

-2.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 177

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

23.7% (2008) country comparison to the world: 72

Physicians density

3.76 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population

6,924,716 (July 2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Population growth rate

-0.83% (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 229

Religions

Eastern Orthodox 59.4%, Muslim 7.8%, other (including Catholic, Protestant, Armenian Apostolic Orthodox, and Jewish) 1.7%, none 3.7%, unspecified 27.4% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 14 years male: 14 years female: 15 years (2011)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.44 children born/woman (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 28.1% country comparison to the world: 32 male: 29.5% female: 26% (2012)

Urbanization

urban population: 73.1% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 0.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

none

Illicit drugs

major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; vulnerable to money laundering because of corruption, organized crime; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions (2008)

Airports

68 (2013) country comparison to the world: 74

Airports - with paved runways

total: 57 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 17 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 under 914 m: 26 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 9 (2013)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

total: 22 country comparison to the world: 93 by type: bulk carrier 9, cargo 8, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 14 (Germany 12, Russia 2) registered in other countries: 30 (Belize 1, Comoros 4, Georgia 1, Malta 8, Moldova 1, Panama 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9) (2010)

Pipelines

gas 2,887 km; oil 346 km; refined products 378 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Burgas, Varna (Black Sea)

Railways

total: 4,152 km country comparison to the world: 41 standard gauge: 4,072 km 1.435-m gauge (2,863 km electrified) narrow gauge: 80 km 0.760-m gauge (2011)

Roadways

total: 19,512 km country comparison to the world: 111 paved: 19,235 km (includes 458 km of expressways) unpaved: 277 km note: does not include Category IV local roads (2011)

Waterways

470 km (2009) country comparison to the world: 84