Congo, Republic of the

Broadcast media

1 state-owned TV and 3 state-owned radio stations; several privately-owned TV and radio stations; satellite TV service is available; rebroadcasts of several international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code

.cg

Internet hosts

45 (2012) country comparison to the world: 216

Internet users

245,200 (2009) country comparison to the world: 136

Telephone system

general assessment: primary network consists of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable with services barely adequate for government use; key exchanges are in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; intercity lines frequently out of order domestic: fixed-line infrastructure inadequate providing less than 1 connection per 100 persons; in the absence of an adequate fixed line infrastructure, mobile-cellular subscribership has surged to 90 per 100 persons international: country code - 242; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

14,200 (2011) country comparison to the world: 196

Telephones - mobile cellular

3.885 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 117

Agriculture - products

cassava (tapioca), sugar, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa; forest products

Budget

revenues: $6.719 billion expenditures: $4.475 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

16.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 3

Central bank discount rate

4.25% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 79 4.75% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

14.8% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 46 15% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$1.277 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 $1.85 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$4.225 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 125 $4.865 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Economy - overview

The economy is a mixture of subsistence agriculture, an industrial sector based largely on oil and support services, and government spending. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. Characterized by budget problems and overstaffing, the government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its oil earnings through oil-backed loans that have contributed to a growing debt burden and chronic revenue shortfalls. Economic reform efforts have been undertaken with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the IMF. However, the reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, who returned to power when the war ended in October 1997, publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. Economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit. The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic challenges of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty. The drop in oil prices during the global crisis reduced oil revenue by about 30%, but the subsequent recovery of oil prices has boosted the economy's GDP and near-term prospects. In March 2006, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) treatment for Congo, which received $1.9 billion in debt relief under the program in 2010.

Exchange rates

Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - 511.4 (2012 est.) 471.87 (2011 est.) 495.28 (2010 est.) 472.19 (2009) 447.81 (2008)

Exports

$12.35 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 86 $12.38 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

petroleum, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds

Exports - partners

China 38.5%, US 20.3%, Australia 6.4%, France 6.1%, Spain 4.9%, Italy 4.4%, Netherlands 4.4% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$13.74 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$19.27 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 132 $18.36 billion (2011 est.) $17.75 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 4.2% industry: 71.3% services: 24.5% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$4,700 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 159 $4,600 (2011 est.) $4,600 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

4.9% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 61 3.4% (2011 est.) 8.8% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 37.1% (2005)

Imports

$4.751 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 130 $4.917 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs

Imports - partners

France 17.2%, China 12.5%, India 9.2%, Italy 7.5%, Brazil 7.3%, US 5.8% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

12% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 102 1.9% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

45.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 4

Labor force

1.514 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 128

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

NA%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$6.033 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 83 $5.658 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$3.753 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 136 $2.882 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$2.392 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 134 $1.982 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$3.341 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 115 $3.341 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

48.9% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 20

Unemployment rate

NA%

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

6.518 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

Crude oil - exports

269,800 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 27

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 169

Crude oil - production

308,600 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 35

Crude oil - proved reserves

1.6 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Electricity - consumption

563 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 166

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 176

Electricity - from fossil fuels

19.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 190

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

80.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 15

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

Electricity - imports

440 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Electricity - installed generating capacity

148,000 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 159

Electricity - production

502 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

Natural gas - consumption

930 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 174

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 174

Natural gas - production

930 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 66

Natural gas - proved reserves

90.61 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 58

Refined petroleum products - consumption

10,710 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 153

Refined petroleum products - exports

5,146 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Refined petroleum products - imports

5,326 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 153

Refined petroleum products - production

10,460 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 104

Area

total: 342,000 sq km country comparison to the world: 64 land: 341,500 sq km water: 500 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Montana

Climate

tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

Coastline

169 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Berongou 903 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable; deforestation

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.03 cu km/yr (59%/29%/12%) per capita: 8 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

1 00 S, 15 00 E

Geography - note

about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them

Irrigated land

20 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 5,504 km border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon 1,903 km

Land use

arable land: 1.45% permanent crops: 0.15% other: 98.4% (2005)

Location

Central Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 200 nm

Natural hazards

seasonal flooding

Natural resources

petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, gold, magnesium, natural gas, hydropower

Terrain

coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin

Total renewable water resources

832 cu km (1987)

Administrative divisions

10 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 commune*; Bouenza, Brazzaville*, Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pool, Sangha

Capital

name: Brazzaville geographic coordinates: 4 15 S, 15 17 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

approved by referendum 20 January 2002

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of the Congo conventional short form: Congo (Brazzaville) local long form: Republique du Congo local short form: none former: Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher W. MURRAY embassy: 70-83 Section D, Maya-Maya Boulevard, Brazzaville; mailing address: B.P. 1015, Brazzaville telephone: [242] 612-6000

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Serge MOMBOULI chancery: 4891 Colorado Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-5500 FAX: [1] (202) 726-1860

Executive branch

chief of state: President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997, following the civil war in which he toppled elected president Pascal LISSOUBA); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997); note - the position of prime minister was abolished in September 2009 cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 July 2009 (next to be held in 2016) election results: Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso 78.6%, Joseph Kignoumbi Kia MBOUNGOU 7.5%, Nicephore Fylla de SAINT-EUDES 7%, other 6.9%

Flag description

divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; green symbolizes agriculture and forests, yellow the friendship and nobility of the people, red is unexplained but has been associated with the struggle for independence note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type

republic

Independence

15 August 1960 (from France)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Legal system

mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (72 seats; members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (139 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 5 August 2008 (next to be held in July 2013); National Assembly - last held on 15 July and 5 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RMP 33, FDU 23, UPADS 2, independents 7, other 7; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT (and allies) 117, UPADS 7, independents 12, vacant 3

National anthem

name: "La Congolaise" (The Congolese) lyrics/music: Jacques TONDRA and Georges KIBANGHI/Jean ROYER and Joseph SPADILIERE note: originally adopted 1959, restored 1991

National holiday

Independence Day, 15 August (1960)

National symbol(s)

lion; elephant

Political parties and leaders

Action Movement for Renewal or MAR; Congolese Labour Party or PCT; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic or RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally of the Presidential Majority or RMP; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR; United Democratic Forces or FDU [Sebastian EBAO]; many smaller parties

Political pressure groups and leaders

Congolese Trade Union Congress or CSC; General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC; Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC; Union of Congolese Socialist Youth or UJSC

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. A quarter century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990 and a democratically elected government took office in 1992. A brief civil war in 1997 restored former Marxist President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, and ushered in a period of ethnic and political unrest. Southern-based rebel groups agreed to a final peace accord in March 2003, but the calm is tenuous and refugees continue to present a humanitarian crisis. The Republic of Congo was once one of Africa's largest petroleum producers, but with declining production it will need new offshore oil finds to sustain its oil earnings over the long term.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 928,664 females age 16-49: 914,265 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 577,944 females age 16-49: 566,587 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 50,000 female: 49,641 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Congolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Congolaises, FAC): Army (Armee de Terre), Navy, Congolese Air Force (Armee de l'Air Congolaise); Gendarmerie; Special Presidential Security Guard (GSSP) (2011)

Military expenditures

0.9% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 139

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; women can serve in the Armed Forces (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 45.3% (male 996,811/ female 982,859) 15-64 years: 51.9% (male 1,128,973/ female 1,137,082) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 49,366/ female 71,175) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

40.09 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 9

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

11.8% (2005) country comparison to the world: 61

Death rate

11.25 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Education expenditures

1.9% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 157

Ethnic groups

Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%, Europeans and other 3%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

3.4% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

HIV/AIDS - deaths

5,100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

77,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 46

Health expenditures

3% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 179

Hospital bed density

1.6 beds/1,000 population (2005)

Infant mortality rate

total: 74.22 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 16 male: 79.58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 68.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages

French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 55.27 years country comparison to the world: 200 male: 53.95 years female: 56.62 years (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83.8% male: 89.6% female: 78.4% (2003 est.)

Major cities - population

BRAZZAVILLE (capital) 1.292 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

560 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 15

Median age

total: 17.1 years male: 16.9 years female: 17.3 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Congolese (singular and plural) adjective: Congolese or Congo

Net migration rate

-0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 134

Physicians density

0.095 physicians/1,000 population (2007)

Population

4,366,266 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 124 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

2.849% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 16

Religions

Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 31% of population rural: 29% of population total: 30% of population unimproved: urban: 69% of population rural: 71% of population total: 70% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years male: 11 years female: 10 years (2005)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.59 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Urbanization

urban population: 62% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Democratic Republic of the Congo is undefined except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 131,648 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 8,374 (Rwanda) (2011) IDPs: 7,800 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2009)

Trafficking in persons

current situation: Republic of the Congo is a source and destination country for children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor or, to a lesser extent, sex trafficking; most child trafficking victims are from Benin, though Togo, Mali, Guinea, Cameroon, Senegal, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are also sources of victims subjected to forced domestic labor, market vending, and fishing, as well as commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the Republic of the Congo is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons; the government enacted the Child Protection Code in June 2010, informally referred victims to foster care, and continued implementation of its 2009-10 National Action Plan; a lack of trained law enforcement personnel and adequate, consistent funding for prevention efforts seriously limited the government's ability to address trafficking and assist victims (2008)

Airports

25 (2012) country comparison to the world: 128

Airports - with paved runways

total: 7 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 1 (2012)

Merchant marine

registered in other countries: 1 (Democratic Republic of the Congo 1) (2010) country comparison to the world: 148

Pipelines

gas 65 km; oil 273 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Brazzaville, Djeno, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo, Pointe-Noire

Railways

total: 886 km country comparison to the world: 94 narrow gauge: 886 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Roadways

total: 17,289 km country comparison to the world: 117 paved: 864 km unpaved: 16,425 km (2004)

Waterways

1,120 km (commercially navigable on Congo and Oubanqui rivers above Brazzaville; there are many ferries across the river to Kinshasa; the Congo south of Brazzaville-Kinshasa to the coast is not navigable because of rapids, thereby necessitating a rail connection to Pointe Noire; other rivers are used for local traffic only) (2011) country comparison to the world: 62