Dominica

Broadcast media

no terrestrial TV service available; subscription cable TV provider offers some locally produced programming plus channels from the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean; state-operated radio broadcasts on 6 stations; privately-owned radio broadcasts on about 15 stations (2007)

Internet country code

.dm

Internet hosts

723 (2012) country comparison to the world: 175

Internet users

28,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 183

Telephone system

general assessment: fully automatic network domestic: fixed-line connections continued to decline slowly with the two active operators providing about 20 fixed-line connections per 100 persons; subscribership among the three mobile-cellular providers continued to increase with teledensity reaching 150 per 100 persons international: country code - 1-767; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cables providing connectivity to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia

Telephones - main lines in use

15,500 (2010) country comparison to the world: 195

Telephones - mobile cellular

111,000 (2011) country comparison to the world: 190

Agriculture - products

bananas, citrus, mangos, root crops, coconuts, cocoa note: forest and fishery potential not exploited

Budget

revenues: $148.1 million expenditures: $185.2 million (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-7.5% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Central bank discount rate

6.5% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

9% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 8.88% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

-$117.4 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 -$84.71 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$253.8 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 181 $257.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Economy - overview

The Dominican economy has been dependent on agriculture - primarily bananas - in years past, but increasingly has been driven by tourism as the government seeks to promote Dominica as an "ecotourism" destination. In order to diversify the island's production base, the government also is attempting to develop an offshore financial sector and has signed an agreement with the EU to develop geothermal energy resources. In 2003, the government began a comprehensive restructuring of the economy - including elimination of price controls, privatization of the state banana company, and tax increases - to address an economic and financial crisis and to meet IMF requirements. This restructuring paved the way for an economic recovery and helped to reduce the debt burden, which remains at about 80% of GDP. Hurricane Dean struck the island in August 2007 causing damages equivalent to 20% of GDP. In 2009, the economy contracted as a result of the global recession and growth remains anemic.

Exchange rates

East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2012 est.) 2.7 (2011 est.) 2.7 (2010 est.) 2.7 (2009)

Exports

$41 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 200 $33.04 million (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges

Exports - partners

Japan 46.2%, Antigua and Barbuda 8.3%, Jamaica 7.3%, Guyana 7%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.5% (2011)

Fiscal year

1 July - 30 June

GDP (official exchange rate)

$497 million (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.035 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 204 $1.03 billion (2011 est.) $1.02 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 13.4% industry: 14.9% services: 71.7% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$14,600 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 89 $14,600 (2011 est.) $14,400 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

0.4% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 178 1% (2011 est.) 1.2% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports

$218.6 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 203 $192.6 million (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals

Imports - partners

Japan 34.2%, US 15.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.9%, China 5.7%, Singapore 5.5% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 2.8% (2011 est.)

Labor force

25,000 (2000 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 40% industry: 32% services: 28% (2002 est.)

Population below poverty line

29% (2009 est.)

Public debt

78% of GDP (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 29 85% of GDP (2006 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$85 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 162 $81.12 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$413.7 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 181 $383 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$296.3 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 181 $280.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$70.74 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 184 $70.27 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

29.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Unemployment rate

23% (2000 est.) country comparison to the world: 167

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

141,200 Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 205

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 104

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 178

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 127

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Electricity - consumption

79.52 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 188

Electricity - from fossil fuels

72.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

27% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 82

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 180

Electricity - installed generating capacity

22,200 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Electricity - production

85.5 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 201

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 122

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 131

Refined petroleum products - consumption

918 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 172

Refined petroleum products - imports

911.8 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 141

Area

total: 751 sq km country comparison to the world: 189 land: 751 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC

Climate

tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall

Coastline

148 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Morne Diablotins 1,447 m

Environment - current issues

NA

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.02 cu km/yr per capita: 213 cu m/yr (1996)

Geographic coordinates

15 25 N, 61 20 W

Geography - note

known as "The Nature Island of the Caribbean" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system; the most mountainous of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

arable land: 6.67% permanent crops: 21.33% other: 72% (2005)

Location

Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about half way between Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months

Natural resources

timber, hydropower, arable land

Terrain

rugged mountains of volcanic origin

Total renewable water resources

NA

Administrative divisions

10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter

Capital

name: Roseau geographic coordinates: 15 18 N, 61 24 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

3 November 1978

Country name

conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica conventional short form: Dominica

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Dominica

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Hubert J. CHARLES chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 364-6781 FAX: [1] (202) 364-6791 consulate(s) general: New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Eliud WILLIAMS (since 17 September 2012) head of government: Prime Minister Roosevelt SKERRIT (since 8 January 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by the House of Assembly for a five-year term; election last held on 1 October 2003 (next to be held in October 2013); prime minister appointed by the president election results: WILLIAMS was elected president following the resignation of Nicholas LIVERPOOL

Flag description

green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a Sisserou parrot, unique to Dominica, encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes); green symbolizes the island's lush vegetation; the triple-colored cross represents the Christian Trinity; the yellow color denotes sunshine, the main agricultural products (citrus and bananas), and the native Carib Indians; black is for the rich soil and the African heritage of most citizens; white signifies rivers, waterfalls, and the purity of aspirations; the red disc stands for social justice

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Independence

3 November 1978 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, Commonwealth of Nations, ECCU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Magistrates Court, a Court of Summary Jurisdiction, and the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)

Legal system

common law based on the English model

Legislative branch

unicameral House of Assembly (32 seats; 9 members appointed, 21 elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 1 speaker elected from among persons who are not members of the House, responsible for the management and general administration of the House, and one ex-officio Clerk of the House) elections: last held on 18 December 2009 (next to be held in 2015); note - tradition dictates that the election will be held within five years of the last election, but technically it is five years from the first seating of parliament (12 May 2005) plus a 90-day grace period election results: percent of vote by party - DLP 61.2%, UWP 34.9%, other 3.9%; seats by party - DLP 18, UWP 3

National anthem

name: "Isle of Beauty" lyrics/music: Wilfred Oscar Morgan POND/Lemuel McPherson CHRISTIAN note: adopted 1967

National holiday

Independence Day, 3 November (1978)

National symbol(s)

Sisserou parrot

Political parties and leaders

Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Judith PESTAINA]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Hector JOHN]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Great Britain in 1763, which made the island a colony in 1805. In 1980, two years after independence, Dominica's fortunes improved when a corrupt and tyrannical administration was replaced by that of Mary Eugenia CHARLES, the first female prime minister in the Caribbean, who remained in office for 15 years. Some 3,000 Carib Indians still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the eastern Caribbean.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 19,075 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 16,035 females age 16-49: 15,499 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 675 female: 636 (2010 est.)

Military branches

no regular military forces; Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Coast Guard) (2012)

Military expenditures

NA

Age structure

0-14 years: 22.6% (male 8,433/ female 8,077) 15-64 years: 67.1% (male 25,177/ female 23,892) 65 years and over: 10.3% (male 3,282/ female 4,265) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

15.6 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Death rate

8.03 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Education expenditures

4.7% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 72

Ethnic groups

black 86.8%, mixed 8.9%, Carib Amerindian 2.9%, white 0.8%, other 0.7% (2001 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Health expenditures

5.9% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 110

Hospital bed density

3.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)

Infant mortality rate

total: 12.38 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 131 male: 16.54 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages

English (official), French patois

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 76.18 years country comparison to the world: 79 male: 73.23 years female: 79.29 years (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 94% male: 94% female: 94% (2003 est.)

Major cities - population

ROSEAU (capital) 14,000 (2009)

Median age

total: 31.3 years male: 30.8 years female: 31.7 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Dominican(s) adjective: Dominican

Net migration rate

-5.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 195

Physicians density

0.5 physicians/1,000 population (1997)

Population

73,126 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 201

Population growth rate

0.216% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 175

Religions

Roman Catholic 61.4%, Protestant 20.6% (Seventh-Day Adventist 6%, Pentecostal 5.6%, Baptist 4.1%, Methodist 3.7%, Church of God 1.2%), Jehovah's Witnesses 1.2%, other Christian 7.7%, Rastafarian 1.3%, other or unspecified 1.6%, none 6.1% (2001 census)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 80% of population rural: 84% of population total: 81% of population unimproved: urban: 20% of population rural: 16% of population total: 19% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 13 years (2008)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.06 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 123

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 26% country comparison to the world: 24 male: 26.2% female: 25.4% (2001)

Urbanization

urban population: 67% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer (2008)

Airports

2 (2012) country comparison to the world: 200

Airports - with paved runways

total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2012)

Merchant marine

total: 43 country comparison to the world: 73 by type: bulk carrier 11, cargo 22, chemical tanker 2, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 32 (Australia 1, Estonia 6, Germany 5, Greece 4, India 2, Latvia 2, Norway 1, Russia 3, Saudi Arabia 2, Syria 4, Turkey 1, Ukraine 1) registered in other countries: 1 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)

Ports and terminals

Portsmouth, Roseau

Roadways

total: 780 km country comparison to the world: 188 paved: 393 km unpaved: 387 km (2000)