Czechia

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 3,222,835 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2018 est.)

Broadcast media

22 TV stations operate nationally, with 17 of them in private hands; publicly operated Czech Television has 5 national channels; throughout the country, there are some 350 TV channels in operation, many through cable, satellite, and IPTV subscription services; 63 radio broadcasters are registered, operating over 80 radio stations, including 7 multiregional radio stations or networks; publicly operated broadcaster Czech Radio operates 4 national, 14 regional, and 4 Internet stations; both Czech Radio and Czech Television are partially financed through a license fee (2019)

Internet country code

.cz

Internet users

total: 8,622,750 | percent of population: 80.69% (July 2018 est.)

Telecommunication systems

general assessment: good telephone and Internet service; the Czech Republic has a sophisticated telecom market; mobile sector showing steady growth, but perhaps without enough competition, regulator makes progress for 5G services; the govt. trying to stimulate competition, improve end-users pricing and step up quality; strong growth in cable and fiber sectors; fixed wireless broadband remains strong, with penetration among the highest in the EU (2020) | domestic: 14 per 100 fixed-line and mobile telephone usage increased to 124 per 100 mobile-cellular, the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population (2019) | international: country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik - Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar) (2019) | note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 1,473,846 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13.78 (2019 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 13,213,279 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 123.54 (2019 est.)

Agriculture - products

wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry

Budget

revenues: 87.37 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 83.92 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Credit ratings

Fitch rating: AA- (2018) | Moody's rating: Aa3 (2019) | Standard & Poors rating: AA- (2011)

Current account balance

-$678 million (2019 est.) | $1.259 billion (2018 est.)

Debt - external

$205.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $138 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Ease of Doing Business Index scores

76.3 (2020)

Economic overview

Czechia is a prosperous market economy that boasts one of the highest GDP growth rates and lowest unemployment levels in the EU, but its dependence on exports makes economic growth vulnerable to contractions in external demand. Czechia’s exports comprise some 80% of GDP and largely consist of automobiles, the country’s single largest industry. Czechia acceded to the EU in 2004 but has yet to join the euro-zone. While the flexible koruna helps Czechia weather external shocks, it was one of the world’s strongest performing currencies in 2017, appreciating approximately 16% relative to the US dollar after the central bank (Czech National Bank - CNB) ended its cap on the currency’s value in early April 2017, which it had maintained since November 2013. The CNB hiked rates in August and November 2017 - the first rate changes in nine years - to address rising inflationary pressures brought by strong economic growth and a tight labor market. Since coming to power in 2014, the new government has undertaken some reforms to try to reduce corruption, attract investment, and improve social welfare programs, which could help increase the government’s revenues and improve living conditions for Czechs. The government introduced in December 2016 an online tax reporting system intended to reduce tax evasion and increase revenues. The government also plans to remove labor market rigidities to improve the business climate, bring procurement procedures in line with EU best practices, and boost wages. The country's low unemployment rate has led to steady increases in salaries, and the government is facing pressure from businesses to allow greater migration of qualified workers, at least from Ukraine and neighboring Central European countries. Long-term challenges include dealing with a rapidly aging population, a shortage of skilled workers, a lagging education system, funding an unsustainable pension and health care system, and diversifying away from manufacturing and toward a more high-tech, services-based, knowledge economy.

Exchange rates

koruny (CZK) per US dollar - | 21.76636 (2020 est.) | 23.0629 (2019 est.) | 22.71439 (2018 est.) | 24.599 (2014 est.) | 20.758 (2013 est.)

Exports

$229.578 billion (2019 est.) | $226.887 billion (2018 est.) | $218.794 billion (2017 est.)

Exports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment, raw materials, fuel, chemicals

Exports - partners

Germany 32.8%, Slovakia 7.8%, Poland 6.1%, France 5.1%, UK 4.9%, Austria 4.4%, Italy 4.1% (2017)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$250.631 billion (2019 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity) - real

$385.685 billion (2019 est.) | $377.134 billion (2018 est.) | $365.566 billion (2017 est.) | note: data are in 2010 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 47.4% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 19.2% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 24.7% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: 1.1% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 79.9% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -72.3% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 2.3% (2017 est.) | industry: 36.9% (2017 est.) | services: 60.8% (2017 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$25,816 (2019 est.) | $25,300 (2018 est.) | $24,581 (2017 est.) | note: data are in 2010 dollars

GDP real growth rate

2.27% (2019 est.) | 3.18% (2018 est.) | 5.35% (2017 est.)

Gross national saving

26.9% of GDP (2017 est.) | 27.5% of GDP (2016 est.) | 28.2% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 4.1% | highest 10%: 21.7% (2015 est.)

Imports

$211.922 billion (2019 est.) | $209.225 billion (2018 est.) | $197.808 billion (2017 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuels, chemicals

Imports - partners

Germany 29.8%, Poland 9.1%, China 7.4%, Slovakia 5.8%, Netherlands 5.3%, Italy 4% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate

7.5% (2017 est.)

Industries

motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.8% (2019 est.) | 2.1% (2018 est.) | 2.4% (2017 est.)

Labor force

5.222 million (2020 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 2.8% | industry: 38% | services: 59.2% (2015)

Population below poverty line

9.7% (2015 est.)

Public debt

34.7% of GDP (2017 est.) | 36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$148 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $85.73 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

40.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate

2.8% (2019 est.) | 3.18% (2018 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

115.8 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports

446 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - imports

155,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - production

2,000 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

15 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption

62.34 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports

24.79 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

60% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

5% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

19% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

16% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports

13.82 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

21.63 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production

77.39 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2020)

Natural gas - consumption

8.721 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports

8.891 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production

229.4 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

3.964 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

213,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

52,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

83,860 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

177,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Area

total: 78,867 sq km | land: 77,247 sq km | water: 1,620 sq km

Area - comparative

about two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina | Area comparison map: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Europe :: Czechia Print Image Description about two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina

Climate

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

mean elevation: 433 m | lowest point: Labe (Elbe) River 115 m | highest point: Snezka 1,602 m

Environment - current issues

air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; land pollution caused by industry, mining, and agriculture

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

49 45 N, 15 30 E

Geography - note

note 1: landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe note 2: the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed underwater cave at 404 m (1,325 ft); its survey is not complete and it could end up being some 800-1,200 m deep

Irrigated land

320 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 2,143 km | border countries (4): Austria 402 km, Germany 704 km, Poland 796 km, Slovakia 241 km

Land use

agricultural land: 54.8% (2011 est.) | arable land: 41% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 1% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 12.8% (2011 est.) | forest: 34.4% (2011 est.) | other: 10.8% (2011 est.)

Location

Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

flooding

Natural resources

hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land

Population distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations

Terrain

Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country

Administrative divisions

13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)

Capital

name: Prague | geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: the name may derive from an old Slavic root "praga" or "prah", meaning "ford", and refer to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava (Moldau) River

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Czechia | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution

history: previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993 | amendments: passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament; amended several times, last in 2013

Country name

conventional long form: Czech Republic | conventional short form: Czechia | local long form: Ceska republika | local short form: Cesko | etymology: name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the country officially adopted the English short-form name of Czechia on 1 July 2016

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen B. KING (since 6 December 2017) | telephone: [420] 257 022 000 | embassy: Trziste 15, 118 01 Prague 1 - Mala Strana | mailing address: use embassy street address | FAX: [420] 257 022 809

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Hynek KMONICEK (since 24 April 2017) | chancery: 3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 274-9100 | FAX: [1] (202) 966-8540 | consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Milos ZEMAN (since 8 March 2013) | head of government: Prime Minister Andrej BABIS (since 13 December 2017); First Deputy Prime Minister Jan HAMACEK (since 27 June 2018), Deputy Prime Minister Alena SCHILLEROVA (since 30 April 2019) | cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); elections last held on 12-13 January 2018 with a runoff on 26-27 January 2018 (next to be held in January 2023); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term | election results: Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6%

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side | note: combines the white and red colors of Bohemia with blue from the arms of Moravia; is identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia); note - although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs commemorate 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest courts: Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; unlimited terms | subordinate courts: High Court; regional and district courts

Legal system

new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 - based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory - and reintroducing former Czech legal terminology

Legislative branch

description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of: Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years) Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms) | elections: Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022) Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20-21 October 2017 (next to be held by October 2021) | election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4 Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - ANO 29.6%, ODS 11.3%, Pirates 10.8%, SPD 10.6%, KSCM 7.8%, CSSD 7.3%, KDU-CSL 5.8%, TOP 09 5.3%, STAN 5.2%, other 6.3%; seats by party - ANO 78, ODS 25, Pirates 22, SPD 22, CSSD 15, KSCM 15, KDU-CSL 10, TOP 09 7, STAN 6; composition - men 155, women 45, percent of women 24%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.6%

National anthem

name: "Kde domov muj?" (Where is My Home?) | lyrics/music: Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP | note: adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music to the play "Fidlovacka" (1834), it soon became very popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, while the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after the split of Czechoslovakia in 1993

National holiday

Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)

National symbol(s)

silver (or white), double-tailed, rampant lion; national colors: white, red, blue

Political parties and leaders

Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK] Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA] Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP] Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Jan HAMACEK] Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD [Tomio OKAMURA] Green Party or SZ [Petr STEPANEK] Mayors and Independents or STAN [Petr GAZDIK] Movement of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO [Andrej BABIS] Party of Civic Rights or SPO [Lubomir NECAS] Pirate Party or Pirates [Ivan BARTOS] Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Jiri POSPISIL]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises Czechia, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. The country added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while continuing to use the full form name, Czech Republic.

Military and security forces

Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces: Land Forces; Air Forces; Cyber Forces; Special Forces Directorate (2020)

Military and security service personnel strengths

the Czech military has approximately 25,000 active personnel (20,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2019)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the Czech military has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern equipment, mostly of European origin; since 2010, the leading suppliers of military equipment to Czechia are Austria and Spain (2019 )

Military expenditures

1.19% of GDP (2019 est.) | 1.13% of GDP (2018) | 1.04% of GDP (2017) | 0.96% of GDP (2016) | 1.03% of GDP (2015)

Military service age and obligation

18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.17% (male 834,447/female 789,328) | 15-24 years: 9.2% (male 508,329/female 475,846) | 25-54 years: 43.29% (male 2,382,899/female 2,249,774) | 55-64 years: 12.12% (male 636,357/female 660,748) | 65 years and over: 20.23% (male 907,255/female 1,257,515) (2020 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Europe :: Czechia Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Czechia. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate

8.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Current Health Expenditure

7.2% (2017)

Death rate

10.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 56 | youth dependency ratio: 24.6 | elderly dependency ratio: 31.4 | potential support ratio: 3.2 (2020 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | unimproved: urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2017 est.)

Education expenditures

3.9% of GDP (2017)

Ethnic groups

Czech 64.3%, Moravian 5%, Slovak 1.4%, other 1.8%, unspecified 27.5% (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

<.1% (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

<100 (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

4,400 (2018 est.)

Hospital bed density

6.6 beds/1,000 population (2017)

Infant mortality rate

total: 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 2.8 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)

Languages

Czech (official) 95.4%, Slovak 1.6%, other 3% (2011 census)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 79.3 years | male: 76.3 years | female: 82.4 years (2020 est.)

Literacy

definition: NA | total population: 99% | male: 99% | female: 99% (2011)

Major urban areas - population

1.306 million PRAGUE (capital) (2020)

Maternal mortality rate

3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Median age

total: 43.3 years | male: 42 years | female: 44.7 years (2020 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.4 years (2018 est.)

Nationality

noun: Czech(s) | adjective: Czech

Net migration rate

2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

26% (2016)

Physicians density

4.07 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Population

10,702,498 (July 2020 est.)

Population distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations

Population growth rate

0.06% (2020 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 10.4%, Protestant (includes Czech Brethren and Hussite) 1.1%, other and unspecified 54%, none 34.5% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | unimproved: urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2017 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years | male: 16 years | female: 17 years (2018)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.06 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female | total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.48 children born/woman (2020 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 6.7% | male: 6.4% | female: 7.2% (2018 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 74.1% of total population (2020) | rate of urbanization: 0.21% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) | total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030: PDF

Disputes - international

none

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime; significant consumer of ecstasy

Refugees and internally displaced persons

stateless persons: 1,394 (2019)

Airports

128 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 41 (2017) | over 3,047 m: 2 (2017) | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 (2017) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 (2017) | 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2017) | under 914 m: 16 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 87 (2013) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 25 (2013) | under 914 m: 61 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

OK (2016)

Heliports

1 (2013)

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 4 (2020) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 48 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 5,727,200 (2018) | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 25.23 million mt-km (2018)

Pipelines

7,160 km gas, 675 km oil, 94 km refined products (2016)

Ports and terminals

river port(s): Prague (Vltava) | Decin, Usti nad Labem (Elbe)

Railways

total: 9,408 km (2017) | standard gauge: 9,385 km 1.435-m gauge (3,218 km electrified) (2017) | narrow gauge: 23 km 0.760-m gauge (2017)

Roadways

total: 55,744 km (includes urban and category I, II, III roads) (2019) | paved: 55,744 km (includes 1,252 km of expressways) (2019)

Waterways

664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes, and canals) (2010)