Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Internet country code

.fk

Internet hosts

103 (2006)

Internet users

1,900 (2002)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 note: British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 (FM) and Radio 2 (AM) service (2006)

Telephone system

general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries

Telephones - main lines in use

2,400 (2002)

Telephones - mobile cellular

0 (2001)

Television broadcast stations

2 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to members of UK Forces as well as islanders) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2006)

Agriculture - products

fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products

Budget

revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million; including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)

Currency (code)

Falkland pound (FKP)

Debt - external

$NA

Economic aid - recipient

$0 (1997 est.)

Economy - overview

The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falkland Islands' exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date, no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.

Electricity - consumption

20.68 million kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - production

22.23 million kWh (2003)

Exchange rates

Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.55 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001) note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound

Exports

$125 million (2004 est.)

Exports - commodities

wool, hides, meat

Exports - partners

Spain 81.9%, US 6%, UK 4.5% (2005)

Fiscal year

1 April - 31 March

GDP (official exchange rate)

NA

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$75 million (2002 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 95% industry: NA% services: NA%

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$25,000 (2002 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports

$90 million (2004 est.)

Imports - commodities

fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing

Imports - partners

UK 72.5%, US 15.1%, Netherlands 8.5% (2005)

Industrial production growth rate

NA%

Industries

fish and wool processing; tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.6% (1998)

Labor force

1,724 (est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) industry and services: 5%

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2003 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2003 est.)

Oil - consumption

200 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports

NA bbl/day

Oil - imports

NA bbl/day

Oil - production

0 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Unemployment rate

full employment; labor shortage (2001)

Area

total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Connecticut

Climate

cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate

Coastline

1,288 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m

Environment - current issues

overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster

Geographic coordinates

51 45 S, 59 00 W

Geography - note

deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2005)

Location

Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina

Map references

South America

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

strong winds persist throughout the year

Natural resources

fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss

Terrain

rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains

Administrative divisions

none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Capital

name: Stanley geographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 41 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends third Sunday in April

Constitution

3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998

Country name

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Dependency status

overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina

Diplomatic representation from the US

none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Executive branch

chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Alan HUCKLE (since 25 August 2006); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch

Flag description

blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT

Government type

NA

Independence

none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

International organization participation

ICFTU, UPU

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction

Legal system

English common law

Legislative branch

unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - two ex officio, eight elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 17 November 2005 (next to be held November 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 8

National holiday

Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)

Political parties and leaders

none; all independents

Political pressure groups and leaders

none

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Military branches

no regular military forces

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

NA

Age structure

0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2006 est.)

Birth rate

NA births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate

NA deaths/1,000 population

Ethnic groups

British

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Infant mortality rate

total: NA male: NA female: NA

Languages

English

Life expectancy at birth

total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Literacy

NA

Nationality

noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island

Net migration rate

NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Population

2,967 (July 2006 est.)

Population growth rate

2.44% (2006 est.)

Religions

primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist

Total fertility rate

NA children born/woman

Disputes - international

Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks

Airports

5 (2006)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2006)

Ports and terminals

Stanley

Roadways

total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2003)