Haiti

Broadcast media

several TV stations, including 1 government-owned; cable TV subscription service available; government-owned radio network; more than 250 private and community radio stations with about 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2007)

Internet country code

.ht

Internet hosts

555 (2012) country comparison to the world: 181

Internet users

1 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 100

Telephone system

general assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is among the least developed in Latin America and the Caribbean; domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better domestic: mobile-cellular telephone services are expanding rapidly due, in part, to the introduction of low-cost GSM phones; mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 40 per 100 persons international: country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Telephones - main lines in use

50,000 (2010) country comparison to the world: 164

Telephones - mobile cellular

4.2 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 115

Agriculture - products

coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood

Budget

revenues: $1.35 billion expenditures: $1.446 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-1.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

Commercial bank prime lending rate

19.7% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 11.61% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

-$1.509 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 129 -$1.728 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$854.7 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 161 $674.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

59.2 (2001) country comparison to the world: 7

Economy - overview

Haiti is a free market economy that enjoys the advantages of low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Poverty, corruption, and poor access to education for much of the population are among Haiti's most serious disadvantages. Haiti's economy suffered a severe setback in January 2010 when a 7.0 magnitude earthquake destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. Already the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty, the earthquake inflicted $7.8 billion in damage and caused the country's GDP to contract 5.4% in 2010. Following the earthquake, Haiti received $4.59 billion in internatioonal pledges for reconstruction, which has proceeded slowly. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, and remain vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by the country's widespread deforestation. US economic engagement under the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement (HOPE) Act, passed in December 2006, has boosted apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. Congress voted in 2010 to extend the legislation until 2020 under the Haiti Economic Lift Program Act (HELP); the apparel sector accounts for about 90% of Haitian exports and nearly one-tenth of GDP. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equaling nearly 20% of GDP and more than twice the earnings from exports. Haiti suffers from a lack of investment, partly because of limited infrastructure and a lack of security. In 2005, Haiti paid its arrears to the World Bank, paving the way for reengagement with the Bank. Haiti received debt forgiveness for over $1 billion through the Highly-Indebted Poor Country initiative in mid-2009. The remainder of its outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake but has since risen to over $600 million. The government relies on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over half of its annual budget coming from outside sources. The MARTELLY administration in 2011 launched a campaign aimed at drawing foreign investment into Haiti as a means for sustainable development.

Exchange rates

gourdes (HTG) per US dollar - 40.52 (2012 est.) 40.52 (2011 est.) 39.8 (2010 est.) 42.02 (2009) 39.216 (2008)

Exports

$801.7 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 163 $767.5 million (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

apparel, manufactures, oils, cocoa, mangoes, coffee

Exports - partners

US 83.9% (2011)

Fiscal year

1 October - 30 September

GDP (official exchange rate)

$7.895 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$13.13 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 146 $12.57 billion (2011 est.) $11.9 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 25.7% industry: 19% services: 55.3% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$1,300 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 209 $1,300 (2011 est.) $1,200 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

4.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 5.6% (2011 est.) -5.4% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 0.7% highest 10%: 47.7% (2001)

Imports

$2.928 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 149 $2.985 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials

Imports - partners

Dominican Republic 31.5%, US 25%, Netherlands Antilles 8.6%, China 7.1% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

-4.8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

5.9% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 155 8.4% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

28% of GDP (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Labor force

4.81 million country comparison to the world: 79 note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (2010 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 38.1% industry: 11.5% services: 50.4% (2010)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

80% (2003 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.307 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 127 $1.195 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$3.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 140 $3.298 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$753.3 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 95 $603.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$2.04 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 137 $1.893 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$1.786 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 132 $1.733 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

17.1% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Unemployment rate

40.6% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 188 note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

1.457 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 155

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 124

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 197

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 144

Electricity - consumption

309 million kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Electricity - from fossil fuels

74.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 100

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

25.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 104

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 138

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 198

Electricity - installed generating capacity

240,000 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 153

Electricity - production

650 million kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 158

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 155

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 212

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 142

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 148

Refined petroleum products - consumption

9,416 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 156

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

Refined petroleum products - imports

16,590 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 157

Area

total: 27,750 sq km country comparison to the world: 148 land: 27,560 sq km water: 190 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate

tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

Coastline

1,771 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m

Environment - current issues

extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.99 cu km/yr (5%/1%/94%) per capita: 116 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

19 00 N, 72 25 W

Geography - note

shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)

Irrigated land

920 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 360 km border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km

Land use

arable land: 28.11% permanent crops: 11.53% other: 60.36% (2005)

Location

Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: to depth of exploitation

Natural hazards

lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts

Natural resources

bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower

Terrain

mostly rough and mountainous

Total renewable water resources

14 cu km (2000)

Administrative divisions

10 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est

Capital

name: Port-au-Prince geographic coordinates: 18 32 N, 72 20 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: no DST planned for 2012

Constitution

approved March 1987; this is Haiti's 23rd constitution

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Haiti conventional short form: Haiti local long form: Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d' Ayiti local short form: Haiti/Ayiti

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela A. WHITE embassy: Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince mailing address: (in Haiti) P.O. Box 1634, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; (from abroad) 3400 Port-au-Prince, State Department, Washington, DC 20521-3400 telephone: [509] 229-8000 FAX: [509] 229-8028

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Paul Getty ALTIDOR chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-4090 FAX: [1] (202) 745-7215 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico) consulate(s): Orlando (Florida)

Executive branch

chief of state: President Michel MARTELLY (since 14 May 2011) head of government: Prime Minister Laurent LAMOTHE (since 16 May 2012) cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 28 November 2010; runoff on 20 March 2011 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly election results: Michel MARTELLY won the runoff election held on 20 March 2011 with 67.6% of the vote against 31.7% for Mirlande MANIGAT

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength); the colors are taken from the French Tricolor and represent the union of blacks and mulattoes

Government type

republic

Independence

1 January 1804 (from France)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation

Legal system

civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code

Legislative branch

bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (99 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections: Senate - last held on 28 November 2010 with run-off elections on 20 March 2011 (next regular election, for one third of seats, scheduled for 2012 but delayed); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 28 November 2010 with run-off elections on 20 March 2011 (next regular election to be held in 2014) election results: 2010 Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Inite 6, ALTENNATIV 4, LAVNI 1; 2010 Chamber of Deputies- percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Inite 32, Altenativ 11, Ansanm Nou Fo 10, AAA 8, LAVNI 7, RASANBLE 4, KONBIT 3, MOCHRENA 3, Platforme Liberation 3, PONT 3, Repons Peyizan 3, Independent 2, MAS 2, MODELH-PRDH 1, PLAPH 1, RESPE 1, Veye Yo 1, vacant 4

National anthem

name: "La Dessalinienne" (The Dessalines Song) lyrics/music: Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD note: adopted 1904; the anthem is named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, a leader in the Haitian Revolution and first ruler of an independent Haiti

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 January (1804)

National symbol(s)

Hispaniolan trogon (bird)

Political parties and leaders

Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT]; Christian and Citizen For Haiti's Reconstruction or ACCRHA [Chavannes JEUNE]; Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY]; December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Democratic Alliance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH); Democratic Centers's National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY]; Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER]; Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE]; Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]; Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR]; Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT and Camille LEBLANC]; Merging of Haitian Social Democratics or FUSION [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] (coalition of Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements); Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]; National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY]; Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL]; Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE and Himmler REBU]; Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Sauveur PIERRE-ETIENNE]; Union [Chavannes JEUNE]; Union of Haitian Citizens for Democracy, Development, and Education or UCADDE [Jeantel JOSEPH]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNPH [Edouard FRANCISQUE]; Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coalition that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA); Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN]; Youth for People's Power or JPP [Rene CIVIL]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR]; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Economic Forum of the Private Sector or EF [Reginald BOULOS]; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS]; Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, or KOREGA; The Haitian Association of Industries or ADIH [Georges SASSINE]; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Protestant Federation of Haiti; Roman Catholic Church

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

The native Taino Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first black republic to declare independence in 1804. The poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history. After an armed rebellion led to the forced resignation and exile of President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE in February 2004, an interim government took office to organize new elections under the auspices of the United Nations. Continued violence and technical delays prompted repeated postponements, but Haiti finally did inaugurate a democratically elected president and parliament in May of 2006. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Over 300,000 people were killed and some 1 milllion left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 2,398,804 females age 16-49: 2,415,039 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 1,666,324 females age 16-49: 1,704,364 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 115,246 female: 115,282 (2010 est.)

Military branches

no regular military forces - small Coast Guard; a Ministry of National Defense established May 2012; the regular Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH) - Army, Navy, and Air Force - have been demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished (2011)

Military expenditures

0.4% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 166

Age structure

0-14 years: 35.3% (male 1,732,645/ female 1,725,313) 15-64 years: 60.7% (male 2,953,603/ female 2,998,528) 65 years and over: 4% (male 174,483/ female 217,092) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

23.87 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

18.9% (2006) country comparison to the world: 39

Death rate

8.1 deaths/1,000 population country comparison to the world: 94 note: the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (July 2012 est.)

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

black 95%, mulatto and white 5%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

1.9% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

HIV/AIDS - deaths

7,100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

120,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Health expenditures

6% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 105

Hospital bed density

1.3 beds/1,000 population (2007)

Infant mortality rate

total: 52.44 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 41 male: 56.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.37 deaths/1,000 live births note: the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2012 est.)

Languages

French (official), Creole (official)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 62.51 years country comparison to the world: 184 male: 61.15 years female: 63.89 years note: the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 52.9% male: 54.8% female: 51.2% (2003 est.)

Major cities - population

PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) 2.143 million (2010)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 33

Median age

total: 21.6 years male: 21.4 years female: 21.9 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Haitian(s) adjective: Haitian

Net migration rate

-6.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 201

Physicians density

0.25 physicians/1,000 population (1998)

Population

9,801,664 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 88 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

0.888% country comparison to the world: 126 note: the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2012 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% note: roughly half of the population practices voodoo

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 24% of population rural: 10% of population total: 17% of population unimproved: urban: 76% of population rural: 90% of population total: 83% of population

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.98 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Urbanization

urban population: 52% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

since 2004, about 8,000 peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti maintain civil order in Haiti; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island

Illicit drugs

Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs: 357,785 (includes only IDPs from the 2010 earthquake living in camps or camp-like situations; information is lacking about IDPs living outside camps or who have left camps) (2012)

Airports

14 (2012) country comparison to the world: 151

Airports - with paved runways

total: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 8 (2012)

Ports and terminals

Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Port-au-Prince

Roadways

total: 4,160 km country comparison to the world: 155 paved: 1,011 km unpaved: 3,149 km (2000)