Slovakia

Broadcast media

state-owned public broadcaster, Slovak Television (STV), operates 3 national TV stations; roughly 35 privately-owned television broadcast stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 40% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; channels from the Czech Republic and Hungary are widely viewed; state-owned public radio operates multiple national and regional networks; more than 20 privately-owned radio stations (2008)

Internet country code

.sk

Internet hosts

1.133 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 41

Internet users

4.063 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 58

Telephone system

general assessment: Slovakia has a modern telecommunications system that has expanded dramatically in recent years with the growth in cellular services domestic: analog system is now receiving digital equipment and is being enlarged with fiber-optic cable, especially in the larger cities; 3 companies provide nationwide cellular services international: country code - 421; 3 international exchanges (1 in Bratislava and 2 in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services

Telephones - main lines in use

1.099 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 74

Telephones - mobile cellular

5.925 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 96

Agriculture - products

grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products

Budget

revenues: $28.92 billion expenditures: $35.82 billion (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-7.9% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

Central bank discount rate

1.75% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 111 1.75% (31 December 2009) note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks from the euro area; as of 1 January 2009 Slovakia became a member of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

3.39% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 180 2.91% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance

-$3.173 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 170 -$2.819 billion (2009 est.)

Debt - external

$75.9 billion (30 June 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 48 $59.33 billion (30 June 2010 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

26 (2005) country comparison to the world: 133 26.3 (1996)

Economy - overview

Slovakia has made significant economic reforms since its separation from the Czech Republic in 1993. Reforms to the taxation, healthcare, pension, and social welfare systems helped Slovakia consolidate its budget and get on track to join the EU in 2004 and to adopt the euro in January 2009. Major privatizations are nearly complete, the banking sector is almost entirely in foreign hands, and the government has helped facilitate a foreign investment boom with business friendly policies. Slovakia's economic growth exceeded expectations in 2001-08 despite a general European slowdown. Unemployment, at an unacceptable 18% in 2003-04, dropped to 7.7% in 2008 but remains the economy's Achilles heel. Foreign direct investment (FDI) accounted for much of the growth until 2008. Cheap and skilled labor, low taxes, a 19% flat tax for corporations and individuals, no dividend taxes, a relatively liberal labor code and a favorable geographical location are Slovakia's main advantages for foreign investors. Foreign investment in the automotive and electronic sectors has been especially strong. To maintain a stable operating environment for investors, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development advised the Slovak government to refrain from intervening in important sectors of the economy. However, Bratislava's approach to mitigating the economic slowdown has included substantial government intervention and the option to nationalize strategic companies. RADICOVA's government, in power since July 2010, has allowed the budget deficit to rise slightly, to 7.9% of GDP in 2010. GDP fell nearly 5% in 2009 before gaining back 4% in 2010, and unemployment rose above 12% in 2010, as the global recession impacted many segments of the economy.

Electricity - consumption

28.75 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Electricity - exports

7.682 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

1.312 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

24.7 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 66

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.755 (2010) 0.7198 (2009) Slovak koruny (SKK) per US dollar - 21.05 (2008) 24.919 (2007) 29.611 (2006) note: on 1 January 2009 Slovakia adopted the euro as legal tender

Exports

$67.97 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 46 $55.32 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment 35.9%, vehicles 21%, base metals 11.3%, chemicals and minerals 8.1%, plastics 4.9% (2009 est.)

Exports - partners

Germany 20.1%, Czech Republic 14.8%, Poland 7.9%, Hungary 7.3%, France 7.2%, Austria 7.1%, Italy 5.8% (2010)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$87.45 billion (2010 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$120.2 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 62 $115.5 billion (2009 est.) $121.3 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 3.8% industry: 34.8% services: 61.4% (2010 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$22,000 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $21,100 (2009 est.) $22,200 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 96 -4.8% (2009 est.) 5.8% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.1% highest 10%: 20.9% (1996)

Imports

$67.77 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 39 $53.67 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment 31%, mineral products 13%, vehicles 12%, base metals 9%, chemicals 8%, plastics 6% (2009 est.)

Imports - partners

Czech Republic 18.9%, Germany 18.3%, Russia 9.5%, Hungary 7.4%, Poland 5.6%, South Korea 5.1%, Austria 4.9%, Italy 4.1% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate

18.8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Industries

metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 25 1.6% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

20.3% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

Labor force

2.707 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 3.5% industry: 27% services: 69.4% (December 2009)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$4.15 billion (31 December 2010) country comparison to the world: 82 $4.672 billion (31 December 2009) $5.079 billion (31 December 2008)

Natural gas - consumption

6.413 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Natural gas - exports

808 million cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Natural gas - imports

6.425 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Natural gas - production

103 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Natural gas - proved reserves

14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Oil - consumption

83,810 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 85

Oil - exports

78,940 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Oil - imports

139,200 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Oil - production

8,281 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Oil - proved reserves

9 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Population below poverty line

21% (2002)

Public debt

41% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 35.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$2.161 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 114 $1.821 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money

$51.92 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 $54.21 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$2.83 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 64 $3.697 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$50.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 $52.64 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$66.62 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 $66.11 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$35.41 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 $35.08 billion (31 December 2009 est.) note: this figure represents the US dollar value of Slovak koruny in circulation prior to Slovakia joining the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues

33.1% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Unemployment rate

12.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 131 11.4% (2009 est.)

Area

total: 49,035 sq km country comparison to the world: 131 land: 48,105 sq km water: 930 sq km

Area - comparative

about twice the size of New Hampshire

Climate

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 1.04 per capita: 193 cu m/yr (2003)

Geographic coordinates

48 40 N, 19 30 E

Geography - note

landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys

Irrigated land

1,660 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries

total: 1,474 km border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 197 km, Hungary 676 km, Poland 420 km, Ukraine 90 km

Land use

arable land: 29.23% permanent crops: 2.67% other: 68.1% (2005)

Location

Central Europe, south of Poland

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

NA

Natural resources

brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land

Terrain

rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south

Total renewable water resources

50.1 cu km (2003)

Administrative divisions

8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banskobystricky, Bratislavsky, Kosicky, Nitriansky, Presovsky, Trenciansky, Trnavsky, Zilinsky

Capital

name: Bratislava geographic coordinates: 48 09 N, 17 07 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution

ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed September 1998; amended February 2001 note: the change in September 1998 allowed direct election of the president; the amendment of February 2001 allowed Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership

Country name

conventional long form: Slovak Republic conventional short form: Slovakia local long form: Slovenska Republika local short form: Slovensko

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Theodore SEDGWICK embassy: Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava mailing address: P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava telephone: [421] (2) 5443-3338 FAX: [421] (2) 5441-8861

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Peter BURIAN chancery: 3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1054 FAX: [1] (202) 237-6438 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Iveta RADICOVA (since 8 July 2010); Deputy Prime Ministers Jan FIGEL, Ivan MIKLOS, Jozef MIHAL, Rudolf CHMEL (since 9 July 2010) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 March and 4 April 2009 (next to be held no later than April 2014); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Ivan GASPAROVIC reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5%

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red derive from the Pan-Slav colors; the Slovakian coat of arms (consisting of a red shield bordered in white and bearing a white Cross of Lorraine surmounting three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset slightly to the hoist side note: the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Independence

1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges elected by a council of judges and appointed by president)

Legal system

civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; note - legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal system

Legislative branch

unicameral National Council of the Slovak Republic or Narodna Rada Slovenskej Republiky (150 seats; members elected on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 12 June 2010 (next to be held in June 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - Smer 34.8%, SDKU-DS 15%, SaS 12.1%, KDH 8.5%, Most-Hid 8.1%, SNS 5.1%, other 16.2%; seats by party - Smer 62, SDKU-DS 28, SaS 22, KDH 15, Most-Hid 14, SNS 9

National anthem

name: "Nad Tatrou sa blyska" (Storm Over the Tatras) lyrics/music: Janko MATUSKA/traditional note: adopted 1993, in use since 1844; the anthem's music is based on the Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku"

National holiday

Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)

National symbol(s)

double-barred cross (Cross of Lorraine) surmounting three peaks

Political parties and leaders

parties in the Parliament:: Bridge or Most-Hid [Bela BUGAR]; Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Jan FIGEL]; Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO]; Freedom and Solidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party or SDKU-DS [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak National Party or SNS [Jan SLOTA] selected parties outside the Parliament:: Alliance for a Europe of Nations or AZEN [Milan URBANI]; Association of Slovak Workers or ZRS [Jan LUPTAK]; Civic Conservative Party or OKS [Peter ZAJAC]; Green Party or SZ [Peter PILINSKY]; Party of the Democratic Left or SDL [Marek BLAHA]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Jozsef BERENYI]; People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia or LS-HZDS [Vladimir MECIAR]; People's Party - Our Slovakia or LSNS [Marian KOTLEBA]; Slovak Communist Party or KSS [Jozef HRDLICKA]; Union - Party for Slovakia or Unia [Milan CELIK]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS; Confederation of Trade Unions or KOZ; Entrepreneurs Association of Slovakia or ZPS; Federation of Employers' Associations of the Slovak Republic; National Union of Employers or RUZ; Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry or SOPK; Slovenska Pospolitost; The Business Alliance of Slovakia or PAS

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Slovakia's roots can be traced to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. Subsequently, the Slovaks became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. Following the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (Magyarization) resulted in a strengthening of Slovak nationalism and a cultivation of cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who were themselves ruled by the Austrians. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the close of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. Following the chaos of World War II, Czechoslovakia became a Communist nation within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. Soviet influence collapsed in 1989 and Czechoslovakia once more became free. The Slovaks and the Czechs agreed to separate peacefully on 1 January 1993. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004 and the euro area on 1 January 2009.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 1,405,310 females age 16-49: 1,369,897 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 1,156,113 females age 16-49: 1,139,380 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 31,646 female: 30,219 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Land Forces (Pozemne Sily), Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily) (2010)

Military expenditures

1.87% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women are eligible to serve (2011)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.6% (male 437,755/female 417,797) 15-64 years: 71.6% (male 1,955,031/female 1,965,554) 65 years and over: 12.8% (male 262,363/female 438,538) (2011 est.)

Birth rate

10.48 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 181

Death rate

9.6 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2008)

Education expenditures

3.6% of GDP (2007) country comparison to the world: 114

Ethnic groups

Slovak 85.8%, Hungarian 9.7%, Roma 1.7%, Ruthenian/Ukrainian 1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

less than 0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 155

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 131

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

fewer than 500 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 152

Health expenditures

8.5% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 46

Hospital bed density

6.56 beds/1,000 population (2008) country comparison to the world: 18

Infant mortality rate

total: 6.59 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 169 male: 7.69 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Languages

Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 75.83 years country comparison to the world: 79 male: 71.92 years female: 79.93 years (2011 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.6% male: 99.7% female: 99.6% (2004)

Major cities - population

BRATISLAVA (capital) 428,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

6 deaths/100,000 live births (2008) country comparison to the world: 163

Median age

total: 37.6 years male: 36.1 years female: 39.2 years (2011 est.)

Nationality

noun: Slovak(s) adjective: Slovak

Net migration rate

0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

14.3% (2002) country comparison to the world: 39

Physicians density

3 physicians/1,000 population (2007) country comparison to the world: 38

Population

5,477,038 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

Population growth rate

0.117% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 183

Religions

Roman Catholic 68.9%, Protestant 10.8%, Greek Catholic 4.1%, other or unspecified 3.2%, none 13% (2001 census)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 99% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 1% of population total: 0% of population (2008)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 15 years male: 14 years female: 16 years (2008)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.051 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.37 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 203

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 27.3% country comparison to the world: 19 male: 27.9% female: 26.6% (2009)

Urbanization

urban population: 55% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continued in 2006 between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market; consumer of ecstasy

Airports

36 (2010) country comparison to the world: 107

Airports - with paved runways

total: 20 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 10 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 7 (2010)

Heliports

1 (2010)

Merchant marine

total: 23 country comparison to the world: 96 by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 19, refrigerated cargo 3 foreign-owned: 21 (Germany 4, Greece 1, Ireland 1, Italy 2, Montenegro 1, Poland 2, Slovenia 1, Turkey 2, Ukraine 7) (2010)

Pipelines

gas 6,769 km; oil 416 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Bratislava, Komarno

Railways

total: 3,622 km country comparison to the world: 48 broad gauge: 99 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 3,473 km 1.435-m gauge (1,615 km electrified) narrow gauge: 50 km 1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge (2010)

Roadways

total: 43,761 km country comparison to the world: 84 paved: 38,085 km (includes 384 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,676 km (2008)

Waterways

172 km (on Danube River) (2009) country comparison to the world: 100