North Macedonia

Radio

broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: 370,000

Telephone system

125,000 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: no satellite links

Television

broadcast stations: 5 (relays 2) televisions: 325,000

Branches

Army, Police Force

Defense expenditures

7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results MADAGASCAR

Manpower availability

males age 15-49 585,403; males fit for military service 474,467; males reach military age (19) annually 19,693 (1995 est.)

Agriculture

meets the basic needs for food; principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; agricultural production is highly labor intensive

Budget

revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Currency

the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature 26 April 1992, was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to the German mark; subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies

Economic aid

recipient: US $10 million (for humanitarian and technical assistance) EC promised a 100 ECU million economic aid package (1993)

Electricity

capacity: 1,600,000 kW production: NA kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh (1993)

Exchange rates

denar per US$1 - 39 (November 1994), 865 (October 1992)

Exports

$1.06 billion (1993) commodities: manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% (1990) partners: principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania

External debt

$840 million (1992)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Illicit drugs

limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin

Imports

$1.2 billion (1993) commodities: fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% (1990) partners: other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria

Industrial production

growth rate -14% (1993)

Industries

low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

54% (1994)

National product

GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.9 billion (1994 est.)

National product per capita

$900 (1994 est.)

National product real growth rate

-15% (1994 est.)

Overview

The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts. An important supplement of GDP is the remittances from thousands of Macedonians working in Germany and other West European nations. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. The country's industrial output and GDP are expected to decline further in 1995. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its borders.

Unemployment rate

30% (1993 est.)

Area

total area: 25,333 sq km land area: 24,856 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Vermont

Climate

hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Environment

current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants natural hazards: high seismic risks international agreements: party to - Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

International disputes

dispute with Greece over name, symbols, and certain constitutional provisions

Irrigated land

NA sq km

Land boundaries

total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)

Land use

arable land: 5% permanent crops: 5% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 30% other: 40%

Location

Southeastern Europe, north of Greece

Map references

Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe

Maritime claims

none; landlocked

Natural resources

chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulphur, timber

Note

landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe

Terrain

mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River

Abbreviation

F.Y.R.O.M.

Administrative divisions

34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica

Assembly (Sobranje)

elections last held 16 and 30 October 1994 (next to be held November 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) seats by party NA

Capital

Skopje

Constitution

adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991

Digraph

MK

Diplomatic representation in US

the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 8 February 1994

Executive branch

chief of state: President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991); election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected by the Assembly in 1991; reelected by popular vote in 1994 head of government: Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992) cabinet: Council of Ministers; elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Sobranje

FAX

[389] (91) 117-103

Flag

16-point gold sun (Vergina, Sun) centered on a red field

Independence

17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Judicial branch

Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic

Legal system

based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch

unicameral

Member of

CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OSCE (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Names

conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: none local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija

National holiday

8 September

Other political or pressure groups

Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK); Democratic Party of Serbs; Democratic Party of Turks; Party for Democratic Action (Slavic Muslim)

Political parties and leaders

Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist Party), Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP); note - two factions competing for party name; one faction is led by Abdurahman HALITI and the other faction is led by Arber XHAFFERI; National Democratic Party (NDP), Ilijas HALINI, president; Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia - Liberal Party (SRSM-LP), Stojan ANDOV, president; Socialist Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro POPOVSKI, president; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president; Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia (SJM), Milan DURCINOV, president; Democratic Party (DP), Petar GOSEV, president

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Type

emerging democracy

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission: Victor D. COMRAS liaison office: ul. 27 Mart No. 5, 9100 Skopje mailing address: USLO Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch) telephone: [389] (91) 116-180

Age structure

0-14 years: 25% (female 257,876; male 277,314) 15-64 years: 67% (female 711,810; male 733,903) 65 years and over: 8% (female 97,475; male 81,125) (July 1995 est.)

Birth rate

15.82 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Death rate

6.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Ethnic divisions

Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate

24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)

Labor force

591,773 (June 1994) by occupation: manufacturing and mining 40% (1992)

Languages

Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 74 years male: 71.87 years female: 76.3 years (1995 est.)

Literacy

NA%

Nationality

noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian

Net migration rate

-0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)

Population

2,159,503 (July 1995 est.) note: the Macedonian government census of July 1994 put the population at 1.94 million, but ethnic allocations were likely undercounted

Population growth rate

0.9% (1995 est.)

Religions

Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%

Total fertility rate

2.02 children born/woman (1995 est.)

Airports

total: 16 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 11 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2

Highways

total: 10,591 km paved: 5,091 km unpaved: gravel 1,404 km; earth 4,096 km (1991)

Inland waterways

none, lake transport only

Pipelines

none

Ports

none

Railroads

total: 922 km standard gauge: 922 km 1.435-m gauge (1994)