Mauritius

Broadcast media

the government maintains control over TV broadcasting through the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which operates 3 analog and 10 digital TV stations; MBC is a shareholder in a local company that operates 2 pay TV stations; the state retains the largest radio broadcast network with multiple stations; several private radio broadcasters have entered the market since 2001; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code

.mu

Internet hosts

36,653 (2010) country comparison to the world: 94

Internet users

290,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 131

Telephone system

general assessment: small system with good service domestic: monopoly over fixed-line services terminated in 2005; fixed-line teledensity roughly 30 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services launched in 1989 with teledensity in 2009 reaching 85 per 100 persons international: country code - 230; landing point for the SAFE submarine cable that provides links to Asia and South Africa where it connects to the SAT-3/WASC submarine cable that provides further links to parts of East Africa, and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries (2009)

Telephones - main lines in use

387,700 (2010) country comparison to the world: 105

Telephones - mobile cellular

1.191 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 146

Agriculture - products

sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish

Budget

revenues: $2.028 billion expenditures: $2.478 billion (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-4.6% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 137

Central bank discount rate

9% (31 December 2010 est.) NA% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

19.25% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 28 19.25% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance

-$824.2 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 126 -$674.6 million (2009 est.)

Debt - external

$4.695 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 114 $3.717 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

39 (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 37 (1987 est.)

Economy - overview

Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. The economy rests on sugar, tourism, textiles and apparel, and financial services, and is expanding into fish processing, information and communications technology, and hospitality and property development. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 15% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on creating vertical and horizontal clusters of development in these sectors. Mauritius has attracted more than 32,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India, South Africa, and China. Investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Mauritius' sound economic policies and prudent banking practices helped to mitigate negative effects from the global financial crisis in 2008-09. GDP grew 3.6% in 2010 and the country continues to expand its trade and investment outreach around the globe.

Electricity - consumption

2.234 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 134

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

2.402 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Exchange rates

Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar - 30.991 (2010) 31.96 (2009) 27.973 (2008) 31.798 (2007) 31.656 (2006)

Exports

$2.259 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 128 $1.942 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities

clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses, fish

Exports - partners

UK 19%, France 16.8%, US 11%, Madagascar 8.4%, Italy 7.9%, South Africa 6%, Spain 4.9% (2010)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$9.729 billion (2010 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$18.06 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 129 $17.36 billion (2009 est.) $16.85 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 4.6% industry: 24.1% services: 71.3% (2010 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$14,000 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 82 $13,500 (2009 est.) $13,200 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 98 3% (2009 est.) 5.5% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports

$4.154 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 127 $3.499 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities

manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Imports - partners

India 20.3%, France 10.6%, China 10.3%, South Africa 9.7% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate

3.3% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Industries

food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.9% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 100 2.5% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

24.9% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

Labor force

597,300 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 154

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture and fishing: 9% construction and industry: 30% transportation and communication: 7% trade, restaurants, hotels: 22% finance: 6% other services: 25% (2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$6.506 billion (31 December 2010) country comparison to the world: 81 $4.74 billion (31 December 2009) $3.443 billion (31 December 2008)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 205

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 152

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 100

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Oil - consumption

23,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Oil - imports

20,750 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Oil - production

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 166

Population below poverty line

8% (2006 est.)

Public debt

57.7% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 38 60.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$2.601 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 $2.304 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money

$10.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 100 $9.813 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$NA

Stock of domestic credit

$10.92 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 94 $9.943 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$2.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 118 $2.036 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

20.8% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 152

Unemployment rate

7.8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 87 7.3% (2009 est.)

Area

total: 2,040 sq km country comparison to the world: 181 land: 2,030 sq km water: 10 sq km note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues

Area - comparative

almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC

Climate

tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)

Coastline

177 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Piton 828 m

Environment - current issues

water pollution, degradation of coral reefs

Environment - international agreements

party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.61 cu km/yr (25%/14%/60%) per capita: 488 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

20 17 S, 57 33 E

Geography - note

the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs; home of the dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons, driven to extinction by the end of the 17th century through a combination of hunting and the introduction of predatory species

Irrigated land

210 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

arable land: 49.02% permanent crops: 2.94% other: 48.04% (2005)

Location

Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Natural hazards

cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards

Natural resources

arable land, fish

Terrain

small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau

Total renewable water resources

2.2 cu km (2001)

Administrative divisions

9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne

Capital

name: Port Louis geographic coordinates: 20 09 S, 57 29 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius conventional short form: Mauritius local long form: Republic of Mauritius local short form: Mauritius

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Troy FITRELL embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450 telephone: [230] 202-4400 FAX: [230] 208-9534

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Somduth SOBORUN chancery: 1709 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; administrative offices - 3201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491 through 1492 FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983

Executive branch

chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003); Vice President Monique OHSAN-BELLEPEAU (since 13 November 2010) head of government: Prime Minister Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM (since 5 July 2005) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 19 September 2008 (next to be held in 2013); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly election results: Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH reelected president by unanimous vote; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA

Flag description

four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green; red represents self-determination and independence, blue the Indian Ocean surrounding the island, yellow has been interpreted as the new light of independence, golden sunshine, or the bright future, and green can symbolize either agriculture or the lush vegetation of the island

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Independence

12 March 1968 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court

Legal system

civil legal system based on French civil law with some elements of English common law

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (70 seats; 62 members elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the election commission to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 5 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AF 41, MMM 18, MR 2, MSF 1; appointed seats - to be assigned 8

National anthem

name: "Motherland" lyrics/music: Jean Georges PROSPER/Philippe GENTIL note: adopted 1968

National holiday

Independence Day, 12 March (1968)

Political parties and leaders

Alliance of the Future or AF [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM] (governing coalition - includes MLP, MMSM, MR, MSD, PMSD); Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER]; Mauritian Militant Socialist Movement or MMSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]; Mauritian Socialist Militant Movement or MSMM [Madan DULLOO]; Mauritian Solidarity Front of FSM [Cehl FAKEERMEEAH]; Mouvement Republicain or MR [Jayarama VALAYDEN]; Maurition Social Democratic Party or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]

Political pressure groups and leaders

other: various labor unions

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Although known to Arab and Malay sailors as early as the 10th century, Mauritius was first explored by the Portuguese in the 16th century and subsequently settled by the Dutch - who named it in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU - in the 17th century. The French assumed control in 1715, developing the island into an important naval base overseeing Indian Ocean trade, and establishing a plantation economy of sugar cane. The British captured the island in 1810, during the Napoleonic Wars. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base, and later an air station, playing an important role during World War II for anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as the collection of signals intelligence. Independence from the UK was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather, declining sugar prices, and declining textile and apparel production, have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 343,628 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 280,596 females age 16-49: 283,317 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 10,193 female: 10,104 (2010 est.)

Military branches

no regular military forces; Mauritius Police Force, Special Mobile Force, National Coast Guard (2009)

Military expenditures

0.3% of GDP (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Age structure

0-14 years: 21.8% (male 145,185/female 139,579) 15-64 years: 70.7% (male 457,743/female 463,875) 65 years and over: 7.5% (male 38,944/female 58,391) (2011 est.)

Birth rate

13.97 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 146

Death rate

6.68 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 99% of population total: 99% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 1% of population total: 1% of population (2008)

Education expenditures

3.2% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 127

Ethnic groups

Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 500 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 93

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

8,800 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 102

Health expenditures

6.5% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 91

Hospital bed density

3.33 beds/1,000 population (2008) country comparison to the world: 64

Infant mortality rate

total: 11.52 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 139 male: 13.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Languages

Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 74.48 years country comparison to the world: 99 male: 71.01 years female: 78.12 years (2011 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84.4% male: 88.4% female: 80.5% (2000 census)

Major cities - population

PORT LOUIS (capital) 149,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

36 deaths/100,000 live births (2008) country comparison to the world: 108

Median age

total: 32.7 years male: 31.9 years female: 33.6 years (2011 est.)

Nationality

noun: Mauritian(s) adjective: Mauritian

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Physicians density

1.06 physicians/1,000 population (2004) country comparison to the world: 101

Population

1,303,717 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 154

Population growth rate

0.729% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 138

Religions

Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other Christian 8.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 93% of population rural: 90% of population total: 91% of population unimproved: urban: 7% of population rural: 10% of population total: 9% of population (2008)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 14 years male: 13 years female: 14 years (2008)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.79 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 155

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 21.4% country comparison to the world: 48 male: 18.1% female: 26.3% (2009)

Urbanization

urban population: 42% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands; claims French-administered Tromelin Island

Illicit drugs

consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry

Airports

5 (2010) country comparison to the world: 182

Airports - with paved runways

total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2010)

Merchant marine

total: 3 country comparison to the world: 136 by type: passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 (2010)

Ports and terminals

Port Louis

Roadways

total: 2,066 km country comparison to the world: 173 paved: 2,066 km (includes 75 km of expressways) (2009)