Maldives

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

1 (2000)

Internet country code

.mv

Internet users

6,000 (2001)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)

Radios

35,000 (1999)

Telephone system

general assessment: minimal domestic and international facilities domestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands are connected with telephone and fax service international: satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

Telephones - main lines in use

21,000 (1999)

Telephones - mobile cellular

1,290 (1997)

Television broadcast stations

1 (1997)

Televisions

10,000 (1999)

Agriculture - products

coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish

Budget

revenues: $166 million (excluding foreign grants) expenditures: $192 million, including capital expenditures of $80 million

Currency

rufiyaa (MVR)

Currency code

MVR

Debt - external

$237 million (2000 est.)

Economic aid - recipient

$NA

Economy - overview

Tourism, Maldives largest industry, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Almost 400,000 tourists visited the islands in 1998. Fishing is a second leading sector. The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a minor role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. Industry, which consists mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts, accounts for about 18% of GDP. Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is one meter or less above sea level.

Electricity - consumption

102.3 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2000)

Electricity - production

110 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% other: 0% (2000) nuclear: 0%

Exchange rates

rufiyaa per US dollar - 11.770 (fixed rate since 1995)

Exports

$88 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)

Exports - commodities

fish, clothing

Exports - partners

US, UK, Sri Lanka, Japan

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP

purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 20% industry: 18% services: 62% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $3,870 (2001 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

7% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports

$372 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)

Imports - commodities

consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum products

Imports - partners

Singapore, India, Sri Lanka, Japan, Canada

Industrial production growth rate

4.4% (1996 est.)

Industries

fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3% (2000 est.)

Labor force

67,000 (1995) (1995)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 22%, industry 18%, services 60% (1995) (1995)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Unemployment rate

NEGL%

Area

total: 300 sq km water: 0 sq km land: 300 sq km

Area - comparative

about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC

Climate

tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)

Coastline

644 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Wilingili island in the Addu Atoll 2.4 m

Environment - current issues

depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

3 15 N, 73 00 E

Geography - note

1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean

Irrigated land

NA sq km

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

arable land: 3.33% permanent crops: 6.67% other: 90% (1998 est.)

Location

Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India

Map references

Asia

Maritime claims

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM contiguous zone: 24 NM

Natural hazards

low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise

Natural resources

fish

Terrain

flat, with white sandy beaches

Administrative divisions

19 atolls (atholhu, singular and plural) and 1 other first-order administrative division*; Alifu, Baa, Dhaalu, Faafu, Gaafu Alifu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Lhaviyani, Maale*, Meemu, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu

Capital

Male

Constitution

adopted January 1998

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Maldives conventional short form: Maldives local short form: Dhivehi Raajje local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there

Diplomatic representation in the US

Maldives does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York; permanent representative is Dr. Mohamed LATHEEF

Executive branch

chief of state: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government elections: president nominated by the Majlis and then that nomination must be ratified by a national referendum (at least a 51% approval margin is required); president elected for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2003) election results: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected; percent of popular vote - Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM 90.9% cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president; note - need not be members of Majlis head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

Flag description

red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag

Government type

republic

Independence

26 July 1965 (from UK)

International organization participation

AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch

High Court

Legal system

based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42 elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 20 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2004) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 42

National holiday

Independence Day, 26 July (1965)

Political parties and leaders

although political parties are not banned, none exist

Political pressure groups and leaders

none

Suffrage

21 years of age; universal

Background

The Maldives were long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. They became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago.

Military branches

National Security Service

Military expenditures - dollar figure

$34.5 million (FY01)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

8.6% (FY01)

Military manpower - availability

males age 15-49: 74,893 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service

males age 15-49: 41,672 (2002 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 45.3% (male 74,493; female 70,394) 15-64 years: 51.7% (male 84,548; female 81,092) 65 years and over: 3% (male 4,944; female 4,694) (2002 est.)

Birth rate

37.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Death rate

7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Ethnic groups

South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.05% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Infant mortality rate

61.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Languages

Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 62.93 years female: 64.2 years (2002 est.) male: 61.72 years

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.2% male: 93.3% female: 93% (1995 est.)

Nationality

noun: Maldivian(s) adjective: Maldivian

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Population

320,165 (July 2002 est.)

Population growth rate

2.95% (2002 est.)

Religions

Sunni Muslim

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.05 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.38 children born/woman (2002 est.)

Disputes - international

none

Airports

5 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002)

Highways

total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km; note - Male has 9.6 km of coral highways within the city (1988 est.)

Merchant marine

total: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 51,532 GRT/71,298 DWT ships by type: cargo 13, short-sea passenger 1 (2002 est.)

Ports and harbors

Gan, Male

Railways

0 km

Waterways

none