Vanuatu

Broadcast media

1 state-owned TV station; multi-channel pay TV is available; state-owned Radio Vanuatu operates 2 radio stations; 2 privately-owned radio broadcasters; programming from multiple international broadcasters is available (2008)

Internet country code

.vu

Internet hosts

5,655 (2012) country comparison to the world: 143

Internet users

17,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 198

Telephone system

general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

Telephones - main lines in use

6,200 (2011) country comparison to the world: 208

Telephones - mobile cellular

137,000 (2011) country comparison to the world: 184

Agriculture - products

copra, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro, yams, fruits, vegetables; beef; fish

Budget

revenues: $188.2 million expenditures: $207.4 million (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2.5% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Central bank discount rate

20% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 60 6% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

6% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 151 5.5% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

-$126.9 million (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 70 -$105.2 million (2010 est.)

Debt - external

$307.7 million (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 178 $258.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Economy - overview

This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for about two-thirds of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with nearly 197,000 visitors in 2008, are other mainstays of the economy. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. In mid-2002, the government stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth. Australia and New Zealand are the main suppliers of tourists and foreign aid.

Exchange rates

vatu (VUV) per US dollar - 94.03 (2012 est.) 89.47 (2011 est.) 96.91 (2010 est.)

Exports

$67.4 million (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 196 $51.27 million (2010 est.)

Exports - commodities

copra, beef, cocoa, timber, kava, coffee

Exports - partners

Thailand 57.3%, Japan 21.8% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$761 million (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.237 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 202 $1.205 billion (2011 est.) $1.176 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 20.6% industry: 11.7% services: 67.6% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$4,900 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 157 $4,900 (2011 est.) $4,900 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

2.6% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 125 2.5% (2011 est.) 1.5% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports

$310.2 million (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 198 $290.8 million (2010 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels

Imports - partners

China 26.7%, Singapore 21.2%, Australia 13.6%, NZ 7.2%, Fiji 6.7%, Japan 5.4% (2011)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.8% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 0.9% (2011 est.)

Labor force

115,900 (2007) country comparison to the world: 181

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 65% industry: 5% services: 30% (2000 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

NA%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$173.8 million (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 158 $161.4 million (2010 est.)

Stock of broad money

$610.8 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 174 $612.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$23.34 million (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 87 $22.52 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$527.1 million (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 97 $475.1 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$522.4 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 169 $512.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$284.6 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 173 $239.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

24.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 129

Unemployment rate

1.7% (1999) country comparison to the world: 8

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

146,500 Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 172

Electricity - consumption

51.15 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

Electricity - from fossil fuels

100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 30

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 150

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 167

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Electricity - installed generating capacity

12,000 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Electricity - production

55 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 180

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 107

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 174

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 177

Refined petroleum products - consumption

1,170 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 198

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 208

Refined petroleum products - imports

676.4 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 184

Area

total: 12,189 sq km country comparison to the world: 164 land: 12,189 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited

Area - comparative

slightly larger than Connecticut

Climate

tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April

Coastline

2,528 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m

Environment - current issues

most of the population does not have access to a reliable supply of potable water; deforestation

Environment - international agreements

party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

16 00 S, 167 00 E

Geography - note

a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes and there are several underwater volcanoes as well

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 6.97% other: 91.39% (2005)

Location

Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia

Map references

Oceania

Maritime claims

measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Natural hazards

tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began on 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis volcanism: significant volcanic activity with multiple eruptions in recent years; Yasur (elev. 361 m), one of the world's most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include, Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor's Head

Natural resources

manganese, hardwood forests, fish

Terrain

mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains

Administrative divisions

6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba

Capital

name: Port-Vila (on Efate) geographic coordinates: 17 44 S, 168 19 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

30 July 1980

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu conventional short form: Vanuatu local long form: Ripablik blong Vanuatu local short form: Vanuatu former: New Hebrides

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the US ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu

Diplomatic representation in the US

Vanuatu does not have an embassy in the US; it does, however, have a Permanent Mission to the UN

Executive branch

chief of state: President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009) head of government: Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 26 June 2011) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 19 November 2012 (next to be held following general elections in 2016) election results: Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009; Sato KILMAN reelected prime minister defeating Edward NATAPEI 29 to 23

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele fern fronds, all in yellow; red represents the blood of boars and men, green the richness of the islands, and black the ni-Vanuatu people; the yellow Y-shape - which reflects the pattern of the islands in the Pacific Ocean - symbolizes the light of the Gospel spreading through the islands; the boar's tusk is a symbol of prosperity frequently worn as a pendant on the islands; the fern fronds represent peace

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

30 July 1980 (from France and the UK)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IOM, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law, French law, and customary law

Legislative branch

unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 30 October 2012 (next to be held in 2016) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - VP 8, PPP 6, UMP 5, GJP 4, NUP 4, IG 3, GC 3, NAG 3, RMC 3, MPP 2, NIPDP 2, PSP 1, VLDP 1, VNP 1, VPDP 1, VRP 1, and independent 4; note - political party associations are fluid note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language

National anthem

name: "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi" (We, We, We) lyrics/music: Francois Vincent AYSSAV note: adopted 1980, the anthem is written in Bislama, a Creole language that mixes Pidgin English and French

National holiday

Independence Day, 30 July (1980)

National symbol(s)

boar's tusk

Political parties and leaders

Greens Confederation or GC [Moana CARCASSES]; Iauko Group or IG [NA]; Land and Justice Party (Graon mo Jastis Pati) or GJP [Ralph REGENVANU]; Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]; Nagriamel movement or NAG [NA]; Natatok Indigenous People's Democratic Party or (NATATOK) or NIPDP [Alfred Roland CARLOT]; National United Party or NUP [Ham LINI]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Sato KILMAN]; People's Service Party or PSP [Don KEN]; Reunification of Movement for Change or (RMC) [Charlot SALWAI]; Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu Democratic Party [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]; Vanuatu Liberal Democratic Party or VLDP [Tapangararua WILLIE]; Vanuatu National Party or VNP [Issac HAMARILIU]; Vanuatu Progressive Development Party or VPDP [Robert Bohn SIKOL]; Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Marcellino PIPITE]

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Multiple waves of colonizers, each speaking a distinct language, migrated to the New Hebrides in the millennia preceding European exploration in the 18th century. This settlement pattern accounts for the complex linguistic diversity found on the archipelago to this day. The British and French, who settled the New Hebrides in the 19th century, agreed in 1906 to an Anglo-French Condominium, which administered the islands until independence in 1980, when the new name of Vanuatu was adopted.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 62,216 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 43,331 females age 16-49: 44,927 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 2,323 female: 2,230 (2010 est.)

Military branches

no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF), Vanuatu Mobile Force (VMF; includes Police Maritime Wing (PMW)) (2009)

Military expenditures

NA

Age structure

0-14 years: 38.4% (male 50,221/ female 48,128) 15-64 years: 58.1% (male 73,669/ female 75,195) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 4,627/ female 4,315) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

27 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Death rate

4.3 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 205

Education expenditures

4.8% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 68

Ethnic groups

Ni-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5% (1999 Census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Health expenditures

4% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 161

Hospital bed density

1.69 beds/1,000 population (2008)

Infant mortality rate

total: 17.9 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 101 male: 19.2 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages

local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama - official) 23.1%, English (official) 1.9%, French (official) 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 65.06 years country comparison to the world: 170 male: 63.38 years female: 66.83 years (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74% male: NA female: NA (1999 census)

Maternal mortality rate

110 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 68

Median age

total: 25.4 years male: 25.3 years female: 25.4 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural) adjective: Ni-Vanuatu

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 101

Physicians density

0.116 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population

256,155 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 183

Population growth rate

2.12% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 46

Religions

Protestant 55.6% (Presbyterian 31.4%, Anglican 13.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%), Roman Catholic 13.1%, other Christian 13.8%, indigenous beliefs 5.6% (including Jon Frum cargo cult), other 9.6%, none 1%, unspecified 1.3% (1999 Census)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 66% of population rural: 48% of population total: 52% of population unimproved: urban: 34% of population rural: 52% of population total: 48% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years male: 11 years female: 10 years (2004)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.57 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

Urbanization

urban population: 26% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France

Airports

31 (2012) country comparison to the world: 113

Airports - with paved runways

total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 28 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 23 (2012)

Merchant marine

total: 77 country comparison to the world: 58 by type: bulk carrier 38, cargo 8, chemical tanker 2, container 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 24, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 72 (Belgium 1, Canada 5, China 1, Greece 3, Japan 39, Norway 1, Poland 9, Russia 7, Singapore 2, Taiwan 1, UAE 1, US 2) (2010)

Ports and terminals

Forari Bay, Luganville (Santo, Espiritu Santo), Port-Vila

Roadways

total: 1,070 km country comparison to the world: 183 paved: 256 km unpaved: 814 km (1999)