Portugal

Broadcast media

Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations (2014)

Internet country code

.pt

Internet users

total: 7,629,560 | percent of population: 70.4% (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52

Telephone system

general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities | domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations | international: country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 4,787,677 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 44 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 34

Telephones - mobile cellular

total: 11,572,085 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 107 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76

Agriculture - products

grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish

Budget

revenues: $88.1 billion | expenditures: $92.22 billion (2016 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2% of GDP (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Central bank discount rate

0% (2016) | 0.05% (2015) | note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area | country comparison to the world: 157

Commercial bank prime lending rate

3.77% (31 December 2016 est.) | 4.49% (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Current account balance

$1.462 billion (2016 est.) | $138 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Debt - external

$449 billion (31 March 2016 est.) | $447 billion (31 March 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 28

Distribution of family income - Gini index

33.9 (2015 est.) | 34 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102

Economy - overview

Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. | The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. The economy contracted in 2009, and fell again from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Portugal successfully exited its EU-IMF program in May 2014. A modest recovery gathered steam in 2015 due to strong export performance and a rebound in private consumption. Growth slowed slightly in the first half of 2016, but rebounded in the last two quarters of the year to register at 1.4 percent for the year. Unemployment remains high, at 10.2%, at the end of 2016, but has improved steadily since peaking at 18% in 2013. | The center-left minority Socialist government has unwound some unpopular austerity measures while managing to remain within most EU fiscal targets. The budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 2.0% in 2016, the country’s lowest since democracy was restored in 1974, and surpassing the EU and IMF projections of 3%. Portugal is expected to exit the EU’s excessive deficit procedure by mid-2017.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - | 0.9214 (2016 est.) | 0.885 (2015 est.) | 0.7525 (2014 est.) | 0.7634 (2013 est.) | 0.7752 (2012 est.)

Exports

$54.76 billion (2016 est.) | $54.47 billion (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 48

Exports - commodities

agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals

Exports - partners

Spain 26.2%, France 12.6%, Germany 11.7%, UK 7%, US 4.9% (2016)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$204.6 billion (2016 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$298.6 billion (2016 est.) | $290.7 billion (2015 est.) | $283.1 billion (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2016 dollars | country comparison to the world: 57

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 65.8% | government consumption: 18% | investment in fixed capital: 14.9% | investment in inventories: 0% | exports of goods and services: 40.3% | imports of goods and services: -39.1% (2016 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 2.3% | industry: 22.4% | services: 75.4% (2016 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$28,900 (2016 est.) | $28,400 (2015 est.) | $27,900 (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2016 dollars | country comparison to the world: 66

GDP - real growth rate

1.4% (2016 est.) | 1.6% (2015 est.) | 0.9% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 159

Gross national saving

15.8% of GDP (2016 est.) | 15.5% of GDP (2015 est.) | 15.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.6% | highest 10%: 25.9% (2015 est.)

Imports

$64.79 billion (2016 est.) | $64.74 billion (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 42

Imports - commodities

agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semiconductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials

Imports - partners

Spain 32.8%, Germany 13.5%, France 7.8%, Italy 5.5%, Netherlands 5.1% (2016)

Industrial production growth rate

0.7% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 147

Industries

textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.6% (2016 est.) | 0.5% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 70

Labor force

5.178 million (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 8.6% | industry: 23.9% | services: 67.5% (2014 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$59.84 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $57.77 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $79.18 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 46

Population below poverty line

19% (2015 est.)

Public debt

130.4% of GDP (2016 est.) | 129% of GDP (2015 est.) | note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions | country comparison to the world: 5

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$25.13 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 55

Stock of broad money

$173.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $163.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 41

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$84.73 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $83.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 37

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$147.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $143.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 35

Stock of domestic credit

$311.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $326.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Stock of narrow money

$81.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $72.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders | country comparison to the world: 42

Taxes and other revenues

43% of GDP (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 31

Unemployment rate

11.1% (2016 est.) | 12.4% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 140

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

43.98 million Mt (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 65

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 177

Crude oil - imports

270,600 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 27

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 183

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2017 es) | country comparison to the world: 181

Electricity - consumption

47.03 billion kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53

Electricity - exports

9.701 billion kWh (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 24

Electricity - from fossil fuels

37.9% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 170

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

22.3% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 84

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 166

Electricity - from other renewable sources

32.5% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 10

Electricity - imports

4.616 billion kWh (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 42

Electricity - installed generating capacity

19.63 million kW (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 44

Electricity - production

49.66 billion kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption

8.371 billion cu m (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 58

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 168

Natural gas - imports

4.713 billion cu m (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 33

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 185

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014 es) | country comparison to the world: 186

Refined petroleum products - consumption

234,700 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52

Refined petroleum products - exports

128,800 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 40

Refined petroleum products - imports

71,920 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 69

Refined petroleum products - production

308,700 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 40

Area

total: 92,090 sq km | land: 91,470 sq km | water: 620 sq km | note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands | country comparison to the world: 112

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Virginia

Climate

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Coastline

1,793 km

Elevation

mean elevation: 372 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Environment - current issues

soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Geographic coordinates

39 30 N, 8 00 W

Geography - note

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Irrigated land

5,400 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 1,224 km | border countries (1): Spain 1,224 km

Land use

agricultural land: 39.7% | arable land 11.9%; permanent crops 7.8%; permanent pasture 20% | forest: 37.8% | other: 22.5% (2011 est.)

Location

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards

Azores subject to severe earthquakes | volcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

Natural resources

fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Population - distribution

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Terrain

the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains

Administrative divisions

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Capital

name: Lisbon | geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Constitution

history: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976 | amendments: proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2005 (2016)

Country name

conventional long form: Portuguese Republic | conventional short form: Portugal | local long form: Republica Portuguesa | local short form: Portugal | etymology: name derives from the Roman designation "Portus Cale" meaning "Port of Cale"; Cale was an ancient Celtic town and port in present-day northern Portugal

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador George E. GLASS (since 25 August 2017) | embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon | mailing address: Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726 | telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300 | FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109 | consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Domingos T?eixeira de Abreu Fezas VITAL (since 28 January 2016) | chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 | telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610 | FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726 | consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, San Francisco | consulate(s): New Bedford (MA), Newark (NJ), Providence (RI)

Executive branch

chief of state: President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016) | head of government: Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA (since 24 November 2015) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2016 (next to be held in January 2021); following legislative elections last held in October 2015, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition was appointed prime minister by the president | election results: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, Antonio Sampaio da NOVA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATISA (BE) 10.1%, Maria de BELEM (independent) 4.2%, other 10.8% | note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president

Flag description

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation

Government type

semi-presidential republic

Independence

1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year non-renewable terms | subordinate courts: Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts

Legal system

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Legislative branch

description: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) | elections: last held on 4 October 2015 (next to be held by October 2019) | election results: percent of vote by party - PaF 36.9%, PS 32.3%, B.E. 10.2%, CDU 8.3%, PPD/PSD (Azores and Madeira) 1.5%, PAN 1.4%, other 9.4%; seats by party - PaF 102, PS 86, B.E. 19, CDU 17, PPD/PSD (Azores and Madeira) 5, PAN 1

National anthem

name: "A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese) | lyrics/music: Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL | note: adopted 1910; "A Portuguesa" was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the "insult" that resulted from the event

National holiday

Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died

National symbol(s)

armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky and representing the Republic); national colors: red, green

Political parties and leaders

Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS-PP [Assuncao CRISTAS] | Ecologist Party "The Greens" or PEV [Heloisa APOLONiA] | People_Animals_Nature Party or PAN [Andre SILVA] | Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] | Social Democratic Party or PPD/PSD [Pedro Passos COELHO] | Socialist Party or PS [Antonio COSTA] | The Left Bloc or BE or o Bloco [Catarina MARTINS] | Unitary Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)

Political pressure groups and leaders

Armed Forces Officers' Association or AOFA [Lt. Col. Antonio Costa MOTA] | General Workers Union or UGT [Carlos SILVA] | General Confederation of Portuguesse Workers or CGTP-IN [Armenio CARLOS] | TugaLeaks (a website that has become a mouthpiece for publicizing diverse protest action) | other: media; labor unions

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.

Military branches

Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) (2013)

Military expenditures

1.84% of GDP (2016) | 1.79% of GDP (2015) | 1.79% of GDP (2014) | 2.09% of GDP (2013) | 1.91% of GDP (2012) | country comparison to the world: 77

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; reserve obligation to age 35 (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.34% (male 866,004/female 797,004) | 15-24 years: 11.36% (male 653,672/female 577,800) | 25-54 years: 41.72% (male 2,298,920/female 2,223,184) | 55-64 years: 12.18% (male 617,036/female 702,992) | 65 years and over: 19.4% (male 861,270/female 1,241,632) (2017 est.)

Birth rate

9 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 207

Contraceptive prevalence rate

73.9% (2014)

Death rate

11.1 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 29

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 53.4 | youth dependency ratio: 21.6 | elderly dependency ratio: 31.8 | potential support ratio: 3.1 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

5.3% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 55

Ethnic groups

homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Health expenditures

9.5% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 31

Hospital bed density

3.4 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 189

Languages

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 79.4 years | male: 76.2 years | female: 82.9 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 48

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 95.7% | male: 97.1% | female: 94.4% (2015 est.)

Major urban areas - population

LISBON (capital) 2.884 million; Porto 1.299 million (2015)

Maternal mortality rate

10 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 149

Median age

total: 42.2 years | male: 40.2 years | female: 44.4 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 32

Mother's mean age at first birth

30.2 years (2015 est.)

Nationality

noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) | adjective: Portuguese

Net migration rate

2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 38

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

20.8% (2016) | country comparison to the world: 95

Physicians density

4.43 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population

10,839,514 (July 2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 84

Population distribution

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Population growth rate

0.04% (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 196

Religions

Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim, other) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% | note: represents population 15 years of age and older (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 99.6% of population | rural: 99.8% of population | total: 99.7% of population | urban: 0.4% of population | rural: 0.2% of population | total: 0.3% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 years | male: 17 years | female: 17 years (2014)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.13 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female | total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.53 children born/woman (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 192

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 28% | male: 27.2% | female: 28.8% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 16

Urbanization

urban population: 64.6% of total population (2017) | rate of urbanization: 0.76% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Disputes - international

Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Illicit drugs

seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Refugees and internally displaced persons

stateless persons: 14 (2016)

Airports

64 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 77

Airports - with paved runways

total: 43 | over 3,047 m: 5 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 | 914 to 1,523 m: 15 | under 914 m: 8 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 21 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 | under 914 m: 20 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

CR, CS (2016)

Merchant marine

total: 109 | by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 35, carrier 1, chemical tanker 21, container 7, liquefied gas 6, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 9 | foreign-owned: 81 (Belgium 8, Colombia 1, Denmark 4, Germany 14, Greece 2, Italy 12, Japan 9, Mexico 1, Norway 2, Spain 18, Sweden 3, Switzerland 3, US 4) | registered in other countries: 15 (Cyprus 2, Malta 3, Panama 10) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 48

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 12 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 122 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 12,635,233 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 343,971,094 mt-km (2015)

Pipelines

gas 1,344 km; oil 11 km; refined products 188 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines | LNG terminal(s) (import): Sines

Railways

total: 3,075.1 km | broad gauge: 2,439 km 1.668-m gauge (1,633.4 km electrified) | narrow gauge: 108.1 km 1.000-m gauge | other: 528 km (gauge unspecified) (2014) | country comparison to the world: 58

Roadways

total: 82,900 km | paved: 71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways) | unpaved: 11,606 km (2008) | country comparison to the world: 59

Waterways

210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2011) | country comparison to the world: 95