San Marino

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 12,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)

Internet country code

.sm

Internet users

percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 16,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2022 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 41,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2022 est.)

Agricultural products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Budget

revenues: $841.03 million (2023 est.) expenditures: $816.886 million (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Current account balance

$284.256 million (2022 est.) $100.118 million (2021 est.) $42.98 million (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Economic overview

high-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.924 (2024 est.) 0.925 (2023 est.) 0.951 (2022 est.) 0.845 (2021 est.) 0.877 (2020 est.) note: while not an EU member state, San Marino, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with Italy, has a 2000 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage but not banknotes that began enforcement in January 2002 and was superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012

Exports

$3.616 billion (2022 est.) $3.23 billion (2021 est.) $2.439 billion (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

washing and bottling machines, other foods, packaged medicine, woodworking machines, aircraft (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

Germany 12%, Austria 10%, USA 9%, Romania 8%, Brazil 7% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.832 billion (2022 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 35.5% (2022 est.) government consumption: 17.1% (2022 est.) investment in fixed capital: 17.8% (2022 est.) investment in inventories: 5.2% (2022 est.) exports of goods and services: 197.4% (2022 est.) imports of goods and services: -173% (2022 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 0% (2022 est.) industry: 37.6% (2022 est.) services: 55.1% (2022 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Imports

$3.169 billion (2022 est.) $2.94 billion (2021 est.) $2.232 billion (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

garments, cars, electricity, animal food, footwear (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

Germany 24%, Italy 13%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 9%, Poland 8% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

10.7% (2022 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.2% (2024 est.) 5.9% (2023 est.) 5.3% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Public debt

103.2% of GDP (2022 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.393 billion (2022 est.) $2.218 billion (2021 est.) $1.947 billion (2020 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate

7.9% (2022 est.) 13.9% (2021 est.) -6.6% (2020 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita

$70,900 (2022 est.) $64,700 (2021 est.) $56,000 (2020 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.1% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.1% of GDP (2020 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$836.088 million (2023 est.) $716.066 million (2022 est.) $954.383 million (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

17.8% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Environmental issues

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage

International environmental agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Land use

agricultural land: 38.3% (2023 est.) arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 16.7% (2023 est.) other: 45% (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 17,200 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 45.1% (2016 est.)

Area

total : 61 sq km land: 61 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

Climate

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

highest point: Monte Titano 739 m lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geography - note

landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

Irrigated land

0 sq km (2022)

Land boundaries

total: 37 km border countries (1): Italy 37 km

Land use

agricultural land: 38.3% (2023 est.) arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 16.7% (2023 est.) other: 45% (2023 est.)

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

occasional earthquakes

Natural resources

building stone

Terrain

rugged mountains

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities ( castelli , singular - castello ); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Capital

name: San Marino (city) geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years

Constitution

history: San Marino s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs ( antiche consuetudini ), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes ( antichi statute ) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974 amendment process: proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

Diplomatic representation from the US

embassy: the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234 FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436 email address and website: sanmarinoun@gmail.com Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations

Executive branch

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Matteo ROSSI and Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2025 - 31 March 2026) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council election/appointment process: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term most recent election date: co-chiefs of state: 1 April 2025 secretary of state: 28 December 2019 election results: 2025 : Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2024 : Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA expected date of next election: co-chiefs of state: September 2025 note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Flag

description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center; the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field; a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) meaning: the towers represent the Guaita, Cesta, and Montale castles on Mount Titano; white and blue are said to stand for peace and liberty

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members) judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

Legal system

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislative branch

legislature name: Great and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 60 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 6/9/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22); Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10); Future Republic (RF) (8); Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8); Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5); Reformist Alliance (AR) (4); R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3) percentage of women in chamber: 35% expected date of next election: June 2029

National anthem(s)

title: "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic) lyrics/music: no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO history: adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece

National color(s)

white, blue

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano

National holiday

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

National symbol(s)

three peaks, each displaying a tower

Political parties

Domani - Modus Liberi or DML Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera Future Republic or RF Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD Reformist Alliance or AR RETE Movement Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS Socialist Party or PS Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member. San Marino is negotiating an Association Agreement that is expected to allow participation in the EU s internal market and cooperation in other policy areas by late 2024. Social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Military and security forces

San Marino Military Corps (Corpi Militari Sammarinesi; aka Sammarinese Armed Forces or Forze Armate Sammarinesi): Fortress Guard Command (or Guard of the Rock), Uniformed Company of the Militias, Guard of the Great and General Council, Corps of the Gendarmerie Ministry of Internal Affairs: Civil Police Corps (2025)

Military service age and obligation

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2025)

Age structure

0-14 years: 14.2% (male 2,614/female 2,387) 15-64 years: 64.3% (male 10,916/female 11,648) 65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,414/female 4,116)

Birth rate

9.04 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 22.2 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 34.3 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 2.9 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

total: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

2.9% of GDP (2022 est.) 13% national budget (2023 est.)

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Gross reproduction rate

0.74 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

8% of GDP (2021) 29.5% of national budget (2022 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Italian major-language sample(s): L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.) male: 81.7 years female: 87 years

Literacy

total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) male: 99.9% (2022 est.) female: 99.9% (2022 est.)

Major urban areas - population

4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

total: 46.3 years (2025 est.) male: 44.5 years female: 47.4 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

31.9 years (2019)

Nationality

noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese

Net migration rate

5.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Physician density

4.63 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Population

total: 35,291 (2025 est.) male: 17,035 female: 18,256

Population growth rate

0.55% (2025 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic

Sanitation facility access

total: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years (2015 est.) male: 15 years (2015 est.) female: 16 years (2015 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.54 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Airports

1 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

T7