Tajikistan

Broadcast media

state-run TV broadcaster transmits nationally on 4 stations and regionally on 4 stations; 11 independent TV stations broadcast locally and regionally; some households are able to receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable and satellite; state-run radio broadcaster operates Radio Tajikistan, Voice of Dushanbe, and several regional stations; a small number of independent radio stations (2010)

Internet country code

.tj

Internet hosts

6,258 (2012) country comparison to the world: 142

Internet users

700,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 110

Telephone system

general assessment: foreign investment in the telephone system has resulted in major improvements; conversion of the existing fixed network from analogue to digital was completed in 2012 domestic: fixed line availability has not changed significantly since 1998 while mobile cellular subscribership, aided by competition among multiple operators, has expanded rapidly; coverage now extends to all major cities and towns international: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat and 1 Orbita) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

393,000 (2012) country comparison to the world: 106

Telephones - mobile cellular

6.528 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 98

Agriculture - products

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget

revenues: $2.425 billion expenditures: $2.423 billion (2013 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

0% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Central bank discount rate

4.8% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 50 6.5% (31 December 2012 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

22% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 17.13% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance

-$330 million (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 92 -$246.2 million (2012 est.)

Debt - external

$2.162 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 142 $3.439 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

32.6 (2006) country comparison to the world: 103 34.7 (1998)

Economy - overview

Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. The 1992-1997 civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad - roughly 90% in Russia - supporting families in Tajikistan through remittances. Less than 7% of the land area is arable and cotton is the most important crop. Until 2008, cotton production was closely monitored and controlled by the government. In the wake of the National Bank of Tajikistan's admission in December 2007 that it had directed the AgroInvestBank to improperly lend money to politically connected investors in the cotton sector, the IMF canceled its stand-by assistance program in Tajikistan. As part of the Tajik government’s subsequent reforms, over a half billion dollars in farmer debt has been forgiven. In 2008 Tajikistan passed new law authorizing farmers to decide for themselves what crops to grow, and this has resulted in a gradual decrease in cotton output. Tajikistan imports approximately 60% of its food, most of which comes by rail. Uzbekistan closed one of the rail lines into Tajikistan in late 2011, hampering the transit of goods to and from the southern part of the country. As a result, food and fuel prices increased to the highest levels since 2002. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists mainly of small obsolete factories in food processing and light industry, substantial hydropower facilities, and a large aluminum plant - currently operating below 25% of capacity. Electricity output expanded with the completion of the Sangtuda-1 hydropower dam - finished in 2009 with Russian investment. The smaller Sangtuda-2 hydropower dam, built with Iranian investment, began operating in 2012 at a limited capacity. The Tajik government is tens of millions of dollars in arrears for both Sangtuda dams, and Sangtuda-2 has been closed for “maintenance” since January 2014. The government is pinning its drive for energy independence on completion of the Roghun dam, which is scheduled for mid-2014. In 2010, the government began a coerced sale of shares in the Roghun enterprise to its population, ultimately raising over $180 million before stopping under intense criticism from international donors, but the dam is likely to cost billions of dollars. The World Bank funded two feasibility studies (technical-economic, and social-environmental) for the dam. If built according to plan, Roghun will be the tallest dam in the world, will operate year around, and will significantly expand Tajikistan’s electricity output. In 2013, the Tajik government finalized an agreement to import one million tons of fuel and oil products from Russia each year, at reduced prices. Tajikistan's economic situation remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, corruption, weak governance, seasonal power shortages, and its large external debt burden.

Exchange rates

Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar - 4.76 (2013 est.) 4.76 (2012 est.) 4.379 (2010 est.) 4.1428 (2009) 3.4563 (2008)

Exports

$1.163 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 154 $826.6 million (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities

aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles

Exports - partners

Turkey 40.7%, Russia 10.6%, Iran 9.9%, Afghanistan 8.7%, China 7.4%, Kazakhstan 7.4%, Switzerland 6.6% (2012 est.)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$8.513 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$19.2 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 137 $17.88 billion (2012 est.) $16.63 billion (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 97% government consumption: 12% investment in fixed capital: 14% investment in inventories: 6.7% exports of goods and services: 13.7% imports of goods and services: -48.5% (2013 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 21.1% industry: 23.2% services: 55.7% (2013 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,300 (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 189 $2,200 (2012 est.) $2,100 (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

7.4% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 18 7.5% (2012 est.) 7.4% (2011 est.)

Gross national saving

12.4% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 124 17.8% of GDP (2012 est.) 10% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% (2009 est.)

Imports

$4.121 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 138 $3.778 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities

petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Imports - partners

Russia 22%, Kazakhstan 15.2%, China 14.5%, Lithuania 4.7%, Kyrgyzstan 4.4%, Turkey 4.4%, Iran 4.3% (2012 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

3.9% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Industries

aluminum, cement, vegetable oil

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.7% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 127 5.8% (2012 est.)

Labor force

2.209 million (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 46.5% industry: 10.7% services: 42.8% (2013 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA $NA $NA

Population below poverty line

35.6% (2013 est.)

Public debt

6.5% of GDP country comparison to the world: 155 NA%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.072 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 133 $972 million (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money

$2.033 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 150 $1.555 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA (31 December 2010 est.) $16.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$2.272 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Stock of domestic credit

$1.611 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 138 $1.196 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$1.044 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 149 $1.191 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

28.5% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 102

Unemployment rate

2.5% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 20 2.5% (2012 est.) note: official rates; actual unemployment is much higher

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

2.618 million Mt (2013 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 188

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Crude oil - production

553 bbl/day (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Crude oil - proved reserves

12 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Electricity - consumption

16.09 billion kWh (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Electricity - exports

1 billion kWh (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Electricity - from fossil fuels

9% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

91% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 13

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 185

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Electricity - imports

300.5 million kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 82

Electricity - installed generating capacity

4.476 million kW (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Electricity - production

17.09 billion kWh (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Natural gas - consumption

3.928 million cu m (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 133

Natural gas - production

3.928 million cu m (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 93

Natural gas - proved reserves

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Refined petroleum products - consumption

20,090 bbl/day (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 127

Refined petroleum products - exports

500 bbl/day (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

Refined petroleum products - imports

20,090 bbl/day (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

Refined petroleum products - production

400 bbl/day country comparison to the world: 113

Area

total: 143,100 sq km country comparison to the world: 96 land: 141,510 sq km water: 2,590 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m

Environment - current issues

inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 11.49 cu km/yr (6%/4%/91%) per capita: 1,740 cu m/yr (2006)

Geographic coordinates

39 00 N, 71 00 E

Geography - note

landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR

Irrigated land

7,421 sq km (2009)

Land boundaries

total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use

arable land: 5.96% permanent crops: 0.91% other: 93.13% (2011)

Location

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan

Map references

Asia

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

earthquakes; floods

Natural resources

hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Terrain

Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Total renewable water resources

21.91 cu km (2011)

Administrative divisions

2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor), 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand) note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Capital

name: Dushanbe geographic coordinates: 38 33 N, 68 46 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994; amended 1999, 2003 (2009)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston local short form: Tojikiston former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Susan M. ELLIOTT (since 25 July 2012) embassy: 109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019 mailing address: 7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189 telephone: [992] (37) 229-20-00 FAX: [992] (37) 229-20-50

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Farhod SALIM (since 21 May 2014) chancery: 1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 223-6090 FAX: [1] (202) 223-6091

Executive branch

chief of state: President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA (since 23 November 2013); First Deputy Prime Minister Davlatali SAIDOV (since 19 November 2013) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for two terms); election last held on 6 November 2013 (next to be held in November 2020); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON 83.9%, Ismoil TALBAKOV 5%, other 11.1%

Flag description

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number "seven" - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness

Government type

republic

Independence

9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, deputy chairmen, and 34 judges organized into civil, criminal, and military chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman, vice-president, and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists 16 judicial positions) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president of the republic and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all three courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no limit on terms, but last appointment must occur before the age of 65 subordinate courts: regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat (province level) courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

Legal system

civil law system

Legislative branch

bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; 1 seat reserved for the former president; members serve five-year terms) and the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members elected through constituencies, 22 members elected through party selection; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015); Assembly of Representatives - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 71%, IRPT 8.2%, CPT 7%, APT 5.1%, PERT 5.1%, other 3.6%; seats by party - PDPT 55, IRPT 2, CPT 2, APT 2, PERT 2

National anthem

name: "Surudi milli" (National Anthem)

National holiday

Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

National symbol(s)

crown surmounted by seven, five-pointed stars

Political parties and leaders

Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Amir QARAQULOV] Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV] Democratic Party of Tajikistan [Saidjafar ISMONOV] Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan or IRPT [Muhiddin KABIRI] Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Olimjon BOBOEV] People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON] Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOYIROV] Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFOROV]

Political pressure groups and leaders

influential religious leader Akbar TURAJONZODA unregistered Youth Party of Tajikistan [Izzat AMON] unregistered opposition group Guruhi-24 (Group-24) [Umarali QUVVATOV] Vatandor (Patriot) Movement [Dodojon ATOVULLOEV] unregistered presidential candidate of Union of Reformist Forces of Tajikistan Oynihol BOBONAZAROVA unregistered New Tajikistan party [Zayd SAIDOV]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bands of indigenous guerrillas (called "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first created as an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924, but the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic in 1929 and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992 to 1997. Tajikistan endured several domestic security incidents during 2010-12, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Tajikistan became a member of the World Trade Organization in March 2013. However, its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistanis working in Russia, pervasive corruption, and the major role narcotrafficking plays in the country's informal economy.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 2,012,790 females age 16-49: 2,020,618 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 1,490,267 females age 16-49: 1,675,083 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 76,430 female: 74,038 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Mobile Forces (2013)

Military service age and obligation

18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; males required to undergo compulsory military training between ages 16 and 55; males can enroll in military schools from at least age 15 (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 33% (male 1,352,150/female 1,304,615) 15-24 years: 20.1% (male 819,936/female 796,211) 25-54 years: 38.9% (male 1,547,863/female 1,586,218) 55-64 years: 4.8% (male 178,161/female 210,616) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 107,137/female 148,605) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

24.99 births/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 56

Child labor - children ages 5-14

total number: 164,432 percentage: 10 % (2005 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

15% (2007) country comparison to the world: 49

Contraceptive prevalence rate

27.9% (2012)

Death rate

6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 157

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 64.33 % youth dependency ratio: 59.1 % elderly dependency ratio: 5.2 % potential support ratio: 19.2 (2014 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 93% of population rural: 64% of population total: 71.7% of population unimproved: urban: 7% of population rural: 36% of population total: 28.3% of population (2012 est.)

Education expenditures

3.9% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 114

Ethnic groups

Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6% (2000 census) note: estimates of Uzbek proportion can range as high as 25% depending on how mixed Tajik-Uzbek families (largely in border areas) are counted

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.3% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 94

HIV/AIDS - deaths

500 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 87

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

11,900 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Health expenditures

5.8% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 117

Hospital bed density

5.5 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

total: 35.03 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 64 male: 39.42 deaths/1,000 live births female: 30.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Languages

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 67.06 years country comparison to the world: 166 male: 63.96 years female: 70.32 years (2014 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.7% male: 99.8% female: 99.6% (2011 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2013)

Major urban areas - population

DUSHANBE (capital) 739,000 (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

65 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 93

Median age

total: 23.5 years male: 23 years female: 24 years (2014 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

22.8 note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Tajikistani(s) adjective: Tajikistani

Net migration rate

-1.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 152

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

8.6% (2008) country comparison to the world: 136

Physicians density

1.9 physicians/1,000 population (2011)

Population

8,051,512 (July 2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Population growth rate

1.75% (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Religions

Sunni Muslim 85%, Shia Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 93.6% of population rural: 94.6% of population total: 94.4% of population unimproved: urban: 6.4% of population rural: 5.4% of population total: 5.6% of population (2012 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 11 years male: 12 years female: 10 years (2011)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.76 children born/woman (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 16.7% country comparison to the world: 77 male: 19.2% female: 13.7% (2009)

Urbanization

urban population: 26.5% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 1.66% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan

Illicit drugs

major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium); significant consumer of opiates

Refugees and internally displaced persons

stateless persons: 2,300 (2012)

Airports

24 (2013) country comparison to the world: 131

Airports - with paved runways

total: 17 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 5 (2013)

Pipelines

gas 549 km; oil 38 km (2013)

Railways

total: 680 km country comparison to the world: 103 broad gauge: 680 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Roadways

total: 27,767 km (2000) country comparison to the world: 98

Waterways

200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2011) country comparison to the world: 99