Eswatini

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

6 (2001)

Internet country code

.sz

Internet users

14,000 (2002)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 3, FM 2 plus 4 repeaters, shortwave 3 (2001)

Radios

170,000 (1999)

Telephone system

general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system domestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Telephones - main lines in use

38,500 (2001)

Telephones - mobile cellular

45,000 (2001)

Television broadcast stations

5 plus 7 relay stations (2001)

Televisions

23,000 (2000)

Agriculture - products

sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep

Budget

revenues: $448 million expenditures: $506.9 million, including capital expenditures of $147 million (FY01/02 )

Currency

lilangeni (SZL)

Currency code

SZL

Debt - external

$336 million (2001 est.)

Economic aid - recipient

$104 million (2001)

Economy - overview

In this small landlocked economy, subsistence agriculture occupies more than 80% of the population. Manufacturing features a number of agroprocessing factories. Mining has declined in importance in recent years: diamond mines have shut down because of the depletion of easily accessible reserves; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978; and health concerns have cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of soft drink concentrate, sugar, and wood pulp are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa from which it receives nine-tenths of its imports and to which it sends more than two-thirds of its exports. Remittances from the Southern African Customs Union and Swazi workers in South African mines substantially supplement domestically earned income. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign investment. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and sometimes floods persist as problems for the future. Prospects for 2002 are strengthened by the country's status as a beneficiary of the US African Growth and Opportunity Act initiative.

Electricity - consumption

900.66 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports

564 million kWh note: supplied by South Africa (2000)

Electricity - production

362 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel: 56% other: 0% (2000) hydro: 44% nuclear: 0%

Exchange rates

emalangeni per US dollar - 11.5808 (January 2002), 8.4933 (2001), 6.9056 (2000), 6.1087 (1999), 5.4807 (1998), 4.6032 (1997); note - the Swazi lilangeni is at par with the South African rand; emalangeni is the plural form of lilangeni

Exports

$702 million f.o.b. (2001)

Exports - commodities

soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit

Exports - partners

South Africa 72%, EU 12%, UK 6%, Mozambique 4%, US 4% (1999)

Fiscal year

1 April - 31 March

GDP

purchasing power parity - $4.6 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 10% industry: 43% services: 47% (1999 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $4,200 (2001 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

2.5% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports

$850 million f.o.b. (2001)

Imports - commodities

motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Imports - partners

South Africa 89%, EU 5%, Japan 2%, Singapore 2% (2000)

Industrial production growth rate

3.7% (FY95/96)

Industries

mining (coal), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

7.5% (2001 est.)

Labor force

NA

Labor force - by occupation

NA

Population below poverty line

NA%

Unemployment rate

34% (2000 est.)

Area

total: 17,363 sq km water: 160 sq km land: 17,203 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate

varies from tropical to near temperate

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m

Environment - current issues

limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea

Geographic coordinates

26 30 S, 31 30 E

Geography - note

landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa

Irrigated land

690 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries

total: 535 km border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km

Land use

arable land: 9.77% permanent crops: 0.7% other: 89.53% (1998 est.)

Location

Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

drought

Natural resources

asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc

Terrain

mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains

Administrative divisions

4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni

Capital

Mbabane; note - Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital

Constitution

none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but was not formally presented to the people; since then a few more outlines for a constitution have been compiled under the Constitutional Review Commission (CRC), but so far none have been accepted

Country name

conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland conventional short form: Swaziland

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador James D. McGEE embassy: Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane mailing address: P. O. Box 199, Mbabane telephone: [268] 404-6441 through 404-6445 FAX: [268] 404-5959

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Madzandza KANYA FAX: [1] (202) 244-8059 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6683 chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

Executive branch

chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986) head of government: Prime Minister Sibusiso Barnabas DLAMINI (since 9 August 1996) cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch

Flag description

three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally

Government type

monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth

Independence

6 September 1968 (from UK)

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch

High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch

Legal system

based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament or Libandla, an advisory body, consists of the Senate (30 seats - 10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats - 10 appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms) elections: House of Assembly - last held 16 and 24 October 1998 (next to be held NA 2003) election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round

National holiday

Independence Day, 6 September (1968)

Political parties and leaders

political parties are banned by the constitution - the following are considered political associations - Imbokodvo National Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Libertatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president]

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age

Background

Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s have pressured the monarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy.

Military branches

Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal Swaziland Police Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure

$20 million (FY01/02)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

4.75% (FY00/01)

Military manpower - availability

males age 15-49: 253,510 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service

males age 15-49: 146,805 (2002 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 45.5% (male 254,573; female 256,677) 15-64 years: 51.9% (male 281,645; female 301,071) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 12,027; female 17,612) (2002 est.)

Birth rate

39.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Death rate

23.26 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Ethnic groups

African 97%, European 3%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

35.6% (2002 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

7,100 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

212,000 (2002 est.)

Infant mortality rate

109.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Languages

English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 37 years female: 37.66 years (2002 est.) male: 36.35 years

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 78.3% male: 78% female: 78.4% (1999 est.)

Nationality

noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Population

1,123,605 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)

Population growth rate

1.63% (2002 est.)

Religions

Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish and other 30%

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.77 children born/woman (2002 est.)

Disputes - international

Swaziland continues to press South Africa into ceding ethnic Swazi lands in Kangwane region of KwaZulu-Natal province that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom

Airports

18 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 10 (2002)

Highways

total: 3,800 km paved: 1,064 km unpaved: 2,736 km (2002)

Ports and harbors

none

Railways

total: 297 km narrow gauge: 297 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 71 km which are not in use (2001)

Waterways

none