Bermuda

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 23,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media

3 TV stations; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; roughly 13 radio stations operating

Internet country code

.bm

Internet users

percent of population: 98% (2017 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 25,000 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2022 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 68,164 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 97 (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey

Budget

revenues: $999.2 million (2017 est.) expenditures: $1.176 billion (2017 est.)

Current account balance

$1.32 billion (2023 est.) $1.135 billion (2022 est.) $962.258 million (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Economic overview

small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area

Exchange rates

Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar - 1 (2024 est.) 1 (2023 est.) 1 (2022 est.) 1 (2021 est.) 1 (2020 est.)

Exports

$1.599 billion (2023 est.) $1.425 billion (2022 est.) $1.136 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

crude petroleum, ships, aircraft, liquor, railway cargo containers (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

Germany 40%, South Africa 38%, Netherlands 15%, USA 2%, Angola 2% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate)

$8.98 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 45.6% (2024 est.) government consumption: 11% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 11.3% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 56.3% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -24.2% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 0.2% (2023 est.) industry: 4.6% (2023 est.) services: 91.5% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Imports

$2.3 billion (2023 est.) $2.235 billion (2022 est.) $1.925 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

USA 38%, Cyprus 31%, UK 6%, China 6%, Canada 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

-3.6% (2023 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

international business, tourism, light manufacturing

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.8% (2022 est.) 1.4% (2021 est.) 0% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$6.808 billion (2024 est.) $6.667 billion (2023 est.) $6.355 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate

2.1% (2024 est.) 4.9% (2023 est.) 6.5% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita

$105,300 (2024 est.) $103,100 (2023 est.) $98,100 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances

23.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 22.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 22.7% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Coal

consumption: 4 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 4 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 172,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 590.38 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 43.172 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

122.737 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Petroleum

refined petroleum consumption: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 9 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Climate

subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

Environmental issues

air pollution from vehicle emissions; scarce water resources; solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills

Land use

agricultural land: 5.6% (2023 est.) arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 14.4% (2023 est.) other: 80% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 100% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 82,000 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 2% (2012 est.)

Area

total : 54 sq km land: 54 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

Climate

subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

Coastline

103 km

Elevation

highest point: Town Hill 79 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Geographic coordinates

32 20 N, 64 45 W

Geography - note

the archipelago consists of over 170 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, as well as thousands of cays, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by the US Government from 1941 to 1995

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

total: 0 km

Land use

agricultural land: 5.6% (2023 est.) arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 14.4% (2023 est.) other: 80% (2023 est.)

Location

North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)

Map references

North America

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

hurricanes (June to November)

Natural resources

limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism

Population distribution

relatively even population distribution throughout

Terrain

low hills separated by fertile depressions

Administrative divisions

9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick

Capital

name: Hamilton geographic coordinates: 32 17 N, 64 47 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November etymology: named after Henry HAMILTON, who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788 to 1794

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the UK dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Constitution

history: several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968) amendment process: proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK

Country name

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands etymology: named after Juan de BERMUDEZ, an early 16th-century Spanish sea captain and the first European explorer of the archipelago

Dependency status

overseas territory of the UK

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Consul General Antoinette HURTADO (since 27 March 2025) embassy: US Consulate Bermuda, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, DV 03, Bermuda mailing address: 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: (441) 295-1342 FAX: (441) 295-1592 email address and website: HamiltonConsulate@state.gov https://bm.usconsulate.gov/ consulate(s) general: 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DV O3

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (overseas territory of the UK)

Executive branch

chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Andrew MURDOCH (since 23 January 2025) head of government: Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, approved by the governor election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the premier

Flag

description: a red field with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms centered on the right half of the flag; the coat of arms is a white shield with a red lion on a green field, holding a scroll showing the sinking of the ship "Sea Venture" history: the 1609 shipwreck of the "Sea Venture" led to the settling of Bermuda note: Bermuda is the only British overseas territory that uses a red field on its flag; all others use blue

Government type

Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy

Independence

none (overseas territory of the UK)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal judge selection and term of office: Court of Appeal justice appointed by the governor; justice tenure by individual appointment; Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission and appointed by the governor; judge tenure based on terms of appointment subordinate courts: commercial court (began in 2006); magistrates' courts

Legal system

English common law

Legislative branch

legislature name: Parliament legislative structure: bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber

chamber name: House of Assembly number of seats: 36 (directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 10/1/2020 parties elected and seats per party: PLP (30); OBA (6) percentage of women in chamber: 20% expected date of next election: 2025

Legislative branch - upper chamber

chamber name: Senate number of seats: 11 (appointed) term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 2022 percentage of women in chamber: 63.6% expected date of next election: 2027

National anthem(s)

title: "Hail to Bermuda" lyrics/music: Bette JOHNS history: serves as a local anthem _____ title: "God Save the King" lyrics/music: unknown history: official anthem, as a UK territory

National coat of arms

Bermuda's coat of arms was formally granted by Royal Warrant on 4 October 1910 but has been in use since at least 1624; the red lion is a symbol of Great Britain; the Latin motto under the coat of arms, Quo Fata Ferunt , means "Whither the Fates Carry [Us];" the ship is the Sea Venture , an English ship that was wrecked on then-uninhabited Bermuda in 1609

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural); note - excerpted from the UK entry selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Town of St. George and Related Fortifications

National holiday

Bermuda Day, 24 May note: formerly known as Victoria Day, Empire Day, and Commonwealth Day

National symbol(s)

red lion

Political parties

Free Democratic Movement or FDM One Bermuda Alliance or OBA Progressive Labor Party or PLP

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Bermuda Regiment s responsibilities include maritime security of Bermuda s inshore waters, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, humanitarian/disaster assistance, security of key installations, and assisting the Bermuda Police with maintaining public order; it includes explosive ordnance disposal, diver, maritime, security police, and support units (2025)

Military and security forces

Royal Bermuda Regiment; Bermuda Police Service (2025) note: the Royal Bermuda Regiment (aka "The Regiment") includes the Royal Bermuda Regiment Coast Guard

Military and security service personnel strengths

the Royal Bermuda Regiment has about 350 troops (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the Regiment is equipped with small arms (2025)

Military service age and obligation

men and women who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age can volunteer for the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; after completing their initial service, soldiers in the Regiment can choose to extend their service (2025)

Age structure

0-14 years: 16.4% (male 6,133/female 5,817) 15-64 years: 60.9% (male 22,247/female 22,113) 65 years and over: 22.7% (2024 est.) (male 7,021/female 9,469)

Birth rate

10.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

49.7% (2016 est.)

Death rate

9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 64.1 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 26.9 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 37.2 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 2.7 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

1.9% of GDP (2023 est.) 7.8% national budget (2017 est.)

Ethnic groups

African descent 52%, White 31%, mixed 9%, Asian 4%, other 4% (2010 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.92 (2025 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

English (official), Portuguese

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 82.5 years (2024 est.) male: 79.4 years female: 85.7 years

Major urban areas - population

10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)

Median age

total: 43.9 years (2025 est.) male: 41.5 years female: 46.3 years

Nationality

noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian

Net migration rate

1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Population

total: 72,800 (2024 est.) male: 35,401 female: 37,399

Population distribution

relatively even population distribution throughout

Population growth rate

0.27% (2025 est.)

Religions

Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 12 years (2023 est.) male: 11 years (2023 est.) female: 12 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.88 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 100% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Airports

1 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

VP-B

Merchant marine

total: 122 (2023) by type: container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99

Ports

total ports: 4 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 2 very small: 0 size unknown: 1 ports with oil terminals: 3 key ports: Freeport, Hamilton, Ireland Island, St. George