Burundi

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 3,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1

Broadcast media

state-controlled Radio Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates a TV station and a national radio network; 3 private TV stations and about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2019)

Internet country code

.bi

Internet users

percent of population: 11% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 14,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 8,646,690 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 63 (2023 est.)

Agricultural products

cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, beans, maize, vegetables, potatoes, rice, sugarcane, fruits (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Budget

revenues: $713.694 million (2021 est.) expenditures: $737.898 million (2021 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Current account balance

-$625.597 million (2023 est.) -$621.969 million (2022 est.) -$393.88 million (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Debt - external

$805.174 million (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Economic overview

highly agrarian, low-income Sub-Saharan economy; declining foreign assistance; increasing fiscal insolvencies; dense and still growing population; COVID-19 weakened economic recovery and flipped two years of deflation

Exchange rates

Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - 2,574.052 (2023 est.) 2,034.307 (2022 est.) 1,975.951 (2021 est.) 1,915.046 (2020 est.) 1,845.623 (2019 est.)

Exports

$378.229 million (2023 est.) $333.637 million (2022 est.) $302.752 million (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

gold, coffee, tea, tin ores, iron bars (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

UAE 59%, Uganda 8%, China 5%, Germany 5%, USA 3% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate)

$2.162 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 75.9% (2023 est.) government consumption: 30.7% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 13.1% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: 0% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 5.3% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -24.4% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 25.3% (2023 est.) industry: 9.6% (2023 est.) services: 49% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

37.5 (2020 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.9% (2020 est.) highest 10%: 29.9% (2020 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

$1.433 billion (2023 est.) $1.42 billion (2022 est.) $1.166 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

fertilizers, cement, packaged medicine, plastic products, cars (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

Tanzania 26%, China 15%, Uganda 10%, Kenya 10%, India 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

-0.2% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

light consumer goods (sugar, shoes, soap, beer); cement, assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing (fruits)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

20.2% (2024 est.) 26.9% (2023 est.) 18.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

6.107 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Population below poverty line

51% (2020 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$11.739 billion (2024 est.) $11.343 billion (2023 est.) $11.048 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate

3.5% (2024 est.) 2.7% (2023 est.) 1.8% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita

$800 (2024 est.) $800 (2023 est.) $800 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances

7.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 4.9% of GDP (2022 est.) 6.1% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$90.35 million (2023 est.) $158.53 million (2022 est.) $266.164 million (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

15.6% (of GDP) (2021 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

1% (2024 est.) 1% (2023 est.) 1% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 1.6% (2024 est.) male: 2.1% (2024 est.) female: 1.2% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Coal

consumption: 1,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 10,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 131,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 444.018 million kWh (2023 est.) imports: 100 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 39.994 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 10.3% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 64% electrification - rural areas: 1.7%

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 31.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 66.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

946,000 Btu/person (2023 est.)

Petroleum

refined petroleum consumption: 6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

838,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 32,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 806,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Climate

equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees Celsius but is generally moderate; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm with two wet seasons (February to May and September to November) and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)

Environmental issues

soil erosion from overgrazing and agricultural expansion; deforestation; wildlife habitat loss

International environmental agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban

Land use

agricultural land: 83.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 51.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 13.6% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.) forest: 10.9% (2023 est.) other: 5.2% (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

26.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

12.536 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

municipal: 43.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 15 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 222 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 14.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.872 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 7.1% (2022 est.)

Area

total : 27,830 sq km land: 25,680 sq km water: 2,150 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate

equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees Celsius but is generally moderate; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm with two wet seasons (February to May and September to November) and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

highest point: unnamed elevation on Mukike Range 2,685 m lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m mean elevation: 1,504 m

Geographic coordinates

3 30 S, 30 00 E

Geography - note

landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile

Irrigated land

230 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 1,140 km border countries (3): Democratic Republic of the Congo 236 km; Rwanda 315 km; Tanzania 589 km

Land use

agricultural land: 83.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 51.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 13.6% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.) forest: 10.9% (2023 est.) other: 5.2% (2023 est.)

Location

Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Tanzania

Major lakes (area sq km)

fresh water lake(s): Lake Tanganyika (shared with Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia) - 32,000 sq km

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km)

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

flooding; landslides; drought

Natural resources

nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone

Population distribution

one of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil, as shown in this population distribution map

Terrain

hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains

Administrative divisions

5 provinces: Buhumuza, Bujumbura, Burunga, Butanyerera, Gitega

Capital

name: Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital) geographic coordinates: 3 25 S, 29 55 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the origin of the name Bujumbura is unclear, but "bu-" is a Bantu prefix meaning "place" note: in January 2019, the Burundian parliament voted to make Gitega the political capital of the country while Bujumbura would remain its economic capital; as of 2023, the government's move to Gitega remains incomplete

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Burundi dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Constitution

history: several previous, ratified by referendum 28 February 2005 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic after consultation with the government or by absolute majority support of the membership in both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership and at least four-fifths majority vote by the National Assembly; the president can opt to submit amendment bills to a referendum; constitutional articles including those on national unity, the secularity of Burundi, its democratic form of government, and its sovereignty cannot be amended

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: R publique du Burundi (French)/ Republika y'u Burundi (Kirundi) local short form: Burundi former: Urundi, German East Africa, Ruanda-Urundi, Kingdom of Burundi etymology: name dates from 1966 and is derived from the name of the local Bantu people, the Rundi or Barundi; ba - is the prefix for the people, and bu - is the prefix for the country; the former name, Urundi, is the Swahili version

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Lisa PETERSON (since 27 June 2024) embassy: No 50 Avenue Des Etats-Unis, 110-01-02, Bujumbura mailing address: 2100 Bujumbura Place, Washington DC 20521-2100 telephone: [257] 22-207-000 FAX: [257] 22-222-926 email address and website: BujumburaC@state.gov https://bi.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Jean Bosco BAREGE (since 27 February 2024) chancery: 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578 email address and website: burundiembusadc@gmail.com Burundi Embassy Washington D.C. (burundiembassy-usa.com)

Executive branch

chief of state: President Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE (since 18 June 2020) head of government: Prime Minister Nestor NTAHONTUYE (since 5 August 2025) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament most recent election date: 20 May 2020 election results: 2020: Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE elected president; percent of vote - Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE (CNDD-FDD) 71.5%, Agathon RWASA (CNL) 25.2%, Gaston SINDIMWO (UPRONA) 1.7%, other 1.6% 2015: Pierre NKURUNZIZA reelected president; percent of vote - Pierre NKURUNZIZA (CNDD-FDD) 69.4%, Agathon RWASA (Hope of Burundians - Amizerio y'ABARUNDI) 19%, other 11.6% expected date of next election: May 2027

Flag

description: divided by a white diagonal cross into red triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (on each side) with a white disk at the center bearing three six-pointed red stars outlined in green and arranged in a triangular design meaning: green stands for hope and optimism, white for purity and peace, and red for the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars represent the major ethnic groups (Hutu, Twa, Tutsi), as well as unity, work, and progress

Government type

presidential republic

Independence

1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; withdrew from ICCt in October 2017

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICGLR, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial Service Commission, a 15-member body of judicial and legal profession officials), appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate and serve 6-year nonrenewable terms subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; County Courts; Courts of Residence; Martial Court; Commercial Court

Legal system

mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law

Legislative branch

legislature name: Parliament (Parlement) legislative structure: bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber

chamber name: National Assembly (Inama Nshingamateka) number of seats: 111 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 6/5/2025 parties elected and seats per party: National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) (108); Other (3) percentage of women in chamber: 39.6% expected date of next election: June 2030 note: 60% of seats in the National Assembly are allocated to Hutus and 40% to Tutsis; 3 seats are reserved for Twas; 30% of total seats are reserved for women

Legislative branch - upper chamber

chamber name: Senate (Inama Nkenguzamateka) number of seats: 13 (all indirectly elected) scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 7/23/2025 parties elected and seats per party: National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) (10) percentage of women in chamber: 46.2% expected date of next election: July 2030 note: 3 seats in the Senate are reserved for Twas, and 30% of all votes are reserved for women

National anthem(s)

title: "Burundi Bwacu" (Our Beloved Burundi) lyrics/music: Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO history: adopted 1962

National color(s)

red, white, green

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

National symbol(s)

lion

Political parties

Council for Democracy and the Sustainable Development of Burundi or CODEBU Front for Democracy in Burundi-Sahwanya or FRODEBU-Sahwanya National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD National Congress for Liberty or CNL National Liberation Forces or FNL Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Established in the 1600s, the Burundi Kingdom has had borders similar to those of modern Burundi since the 1800s. Burundi s two major ethnic groups, the majority Hutu and minority Tutsi, share a common language and culture and largely lived in peaceful cohabitation under Tutsi monarchs in pre-colonial Burundi. Regional, class, and clan distinctions contributed to social status in the Burundi Kingdom, yielding a complex class structure. German colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and Belgian rule after World War I preserved Burundi s monarchy. Seeking to simplify administration, Belgian colonial officials reduced the number of chiefdoms and eliminated most Hutu chiefs from positions of power. In 1961, the Burundian Tutsi king s oldest son, Louis RWAGASORE, was murdered by a competing political faction shortly before he was set to become prime minister, triggering increased political competition that contributed to later instability. Burundi gained its independence from Belgium in 1962 as the Kingdom of Burundi. Revolution in neighboring Rwanda stoked ethnic polarization as the Tutsi increasingly feared violence and loss of political power. A failed Hutu-led coup in 1965 triggered a purge of Hutu officials and set the stage for Tutsi officers to overthrow the monarchy in 1966 and establish a Tutsi-dominated republic. A Hutu rebellion in 1972 resulted in the deaths of several thousand Tutsi civilians and sparked brutal Tutsi-led military reprisals against Hutu civilians which ultimately killed 100,000-200,000 people. International pressure led to a new constitution in 1992 and democratic elections in 1993. Tutsi military officers feared Hutu domination and assassinated Burundi's first democratically elected president, Hutu Melchior NDADAYE, in 1993 after only 100 days in office, sparking a civil war. In 1994, his successor, Cyprien NTARYAMIRA, died when the Rwandan president s plane he was traveling on was shot down, which triggered the Rwandan genocide and further entrenched ethnic conflict in Burundi. The internationally brokered Arusha Agreement, signed in 2000, and subsequent cease-fire agreements with armed movements ended the 1993-2005 civil war. Burundi s second democratic elections were held in 2005, resulting in the election of Pierre NKURUNZIZA as president. He was reelected in 2010 and again in 2015 after a controversial court decision allowed him to circumvent a term limit. President Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE -- from NKURUNZIZA s ruling party -- was elected in 2020.

Military - note

the National Defense Force (FDNB) is responsible for defending Burundi s territorial integrity and protecting its sovereignty; it has an internal security role, including maintaining and restoring public order if required; the FDNB also participates in providing humanitarian/disaster assistance, countering terrorism, narcotics trafficking, piracy, and illegal arms trade, and protecting the country s environment; the FDNB conducts limited training with foreign partners such as Russia and participates in regional peacekeeping missions, most recently in the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Somalia; in recent years the FDNB has conducted operations against anti-government rebel groups based in the neighboring DRC that have carried out sporadic attacks in Burundi, such as the such as National Forces of Liberation (FNL), the Resistance for the Rule of Law-Tabara (aka RED Tabara), and Popular Forces of Burundi (FPB or FOREBU); Burundi has accused Rwanda of supporting the RED-Tabara the Arusha Accords that ended the 1993-2005 civil war created a unified military by balancing the predominantly Tutsi ex-Burundi Armed Forces (ex-FAB) and the largely Hutu dominated armed movements and requiring the military to have a 50/50 ethnic mix of Tutsis and Hutus (2025)

Military and security forces

Burundi National Defense Force (BNDF; Force de Defense Nationale du Burundi, FDNB): Land Force ( Army ), Naval Force, Air Force, Specialized Units Ministry of Interior, Community Development, and Public Security: Burundi National Police (Police Nationale du Burundi, PNB) (2024) note: the Naval Force is responsible for monitoring Burundi s 175-km shoreline on Lake Tanganyika; the Specialized Units include a special security brigade for the protection of institutions (aka BSPI), commandos, special forces, and military police

Military and security service personnel strengths

limited available information; estimated 25-30,000 active-duty Defense Force troops (2025)

Military deployments

770 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); up to 10,000 Democratic Republic of the Congo (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military has a mix of mostly older armaments typically of French, Russian, and Soviet origin, and a smaller selection of more modern equipment from such countries as China, Egypt, South Africa, and the US (2025)

Military expenditures

3.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 3% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 2% of GDP (2021 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2025)

Age structure

0-14 years: 42.3% (male 2,895,275/female 2,848,286) 15-64 years: 54.4% (male 3,662,688/female 3,727,022) 65 years and over: 3.4% (2024 est.) (male 197,493/female 259,338)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 4.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 1.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 2.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

35.91 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Child marriage

women married by age 15: 2.8% (2017) women married by age 18: 19% (2017) men married by age 18: 1.4% (2017)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

28.3% (2024 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

58.2% (2017 est.)

Death rate

5.51 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 83.9 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 77.7 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 6.2 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 16.2 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 90.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 57.7% of population (2022 est.) total: 62.4% of population (2022 est.) urban: 9.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 42.3% of population (2022 est.) total: 37.6% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

4.9% of GDP (2021 est.) 14.4% national budget (2025 est.)

Ethnic groups

Hutu, Tutsi, Twa, South Asian

Gross reproduction rate

2.43 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

9.1% of GDP (2021) 4.7% of national budget (2022 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 35.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 39.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 31.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Kirundi (official), French (official), English (official, least spoken), Swahili (2008 est.) major-language sample(s): Igitabo Mpuzamakungu c'ibimenyetso bifatika, isoko ntabanduka ku nkuru z'urufatiro. (Kirundi) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: data represent languages read and written by people 10 years of age or older; spoken Kirundi is nearly universal

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 68.1 years (2024 est.) male: 66 years female: 70.3 years

Literacy

total population: 71.4% (2020 est.) male: 78.2% (2020 est.) female: 66.2% (2020 est.)

Major urban areas - population

1.207 million BUJUMBURA (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

392 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

total: 17.6 years (2025 est.) male: 18 years female: 18.7 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

21.5 years (2016/17 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Nationality

noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian

Net migration rate

-0.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

5.4% (2016)

Physician density

0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population

total: 13,590,102 (2024 est.) male: 6,755,456 female: 6,834,646

Population distribution

one of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil, as shown in this population distribution map

Population growth rate

2.96% (2025 est.)

Religions

Christian 93.9% (Roman Catholic 58.6%, Protestant 35.3% [includes Adventist 2.7% and other Protestant religions 32.6%]), Muslim 3.4%, other 1.3%, none 1.3% (2016-17 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 87.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 53.7% of population (2022 est.) total: 58.6% of population (2022 est.) urban: 12.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 46.3% of population (2022 est.) total: 41.4% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years (2018 est.) male: 10 years (2018 est.) female: 10 years (2018 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 9.1% (2025 est.) male: 14% (2025 est.) female: 4.3% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

4.94 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 14.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees: 91,164 (2024 est.) IDPs: 92,174 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 791 (2024 est.)

Airports

6 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

9U