Croatia

Broadcast media

the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT), operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; about 15 privately-owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national radio networks and a number of regional radio stations; 2 privately-owned national radio networks and a large number of regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2007)

Internet country code

.hr

Internet hosts

1.287 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 38

Internet users

2.234 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 73

Telephone system

general assessment: the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s; local lines are digital domestic: fixed-line teledensity holding steady at about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions exceed the population international: country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2009)

Telephones - main lines in use

1.866 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 60

Telephones - mobile cellular

6.362 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 94

Agriculture - products

wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, barley, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soybeans, potatoes; livestock, dairy products

Budget

revenues: $22.58 billion expenditures: $25.31 billion (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-4.5% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 134

Central bank discount rate

9% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 9% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

10.38% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 90 11.55% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance

-$1.118 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 140 -$3.356 billion (2009 est.)

Debt - external

$68.69 billion (30 June 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 $61.62 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

33.7 (2008) country comparison to the world: 96 29 (1998)

Economy - overview

Once one of the wealthiest of the Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war as output collapsed and the country missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve slowly, with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6% led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period has remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. Nevertheless, difficult problems still remain, including a stubbornly high unemployment rate, a growing trade deficit and uneven regional development. The state retains a large role in the economy, as privatization efforts often meet stiff public and political resistance. While macroeconomic stabilization has largely been achieved, structural reforms lag because of deep resistance on the part of the public and lack of strong support from politicians. The EU accession process should accelerate fiscal and structural reform. While long term growth prospects for the economy remain strong, Croatia will face significant pressure as a result of the global financial crisis. Croatia's high foreign debt, anemic export sector, strained state budget, and over-reliance on tourism revenue will result in higher risk to economic stability over the medium term.

Electricity - consumption

16.06 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Electricity - exports

2.578 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

5.073 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

11.66 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 87

Exchange rates

kuna (HRK) per US dollar - 5.6356 (2010) 5.2692 (2009) 4.98 (2008) 5.3735 (2007) 5.8625 (2006)

Exports

$12.07 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 79 $10.74 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities

transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels

Exports - partners

Italy 18.9%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 11.9%, Germany 10.6%, Slovenia 8%, Austria 5.4% (2010)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$60.59 billion (2010 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$78.09 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 79 $79.18 billion (2009 est.) $84.06 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 5.5% industry: 25.7% services: 68.8% (2010 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$17,400 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 $17,600 (2009 est.) $18,700 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

-1.4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 201 -5.8% (2009 est.) 2.4% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.3% highest 10%: 27.5% (2008 est.)

Imports

$19.94 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 71 $21.03 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs

Imports - partners

Italy 15.2%, Germany 12.5%, Russia 9%, China 7.2%, Slovenia 5.9%, Austria 4.8% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate

-1.4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 154

Industries

chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.1% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 30 2.4% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

21.6% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

Labor force

1.721 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 124

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 5% industry: 31.3% services: 63.6% (2008)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$24.91 billion (31 December 2010) country comparison to the world: 59 $25.64 billion (31 December 2009) $26.79 billion (31 December 2008)

Natural gas - consumption

2.853 billion cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 74

Natural gas - exports

212 million cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 42

Natural gas - imports

1.085 billion cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Natural gas - production

1.98 billion cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 56

Natural gas - proved reserves

24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 74

Oil - consumption

98,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Oil - exports

45,140 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 83

Oil - imports

103,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Oil - production

23,230 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 74

Oil - proved reserves

71 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Population below poverty line

17% (2008)

Public debt

58.2% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 49.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$14.13 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 64 $14.89 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money

$42.36 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 $43.94 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$5.642 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 $5.789 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$32.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 $32.17 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$49.69 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 64 $50.24 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$8.906 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 75 $9.245 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

37.3% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Unemployment rate

17.6% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 158 14.9% (2009 est.)

Area

total: 56,594 sq km country comparison to the world: 127 land: 55,974 sq km water: 620 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate

Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Coastline

5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Dinara 1,831 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

45 10 N, 15 30 E

Geography - note

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

Irrigated land

310 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries

total: 1,982 km border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 455 km

Land use

arable land: 25.82% permanent crops: 2.19% other: 71.99% (2005)

Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards

destructive earthquakes

Natural resources

oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Terrain

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Total renewable water resources

105.5 cu km (1998)

Administrative divisions

20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular); Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska, Brodsko-Posavska, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka, Krapinsko-Zagorska, Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska, Osjecko-Baranjska, Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska, Sibensko-Kninska, Sisacko-Moslavacka, Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska, Viroviticko-Podravska, Vukovarsko-Srijemska, Zadarska, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka

Capital

name: Zagreb geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution

adopted 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Croatia conventional short form: Croatia local long form: Republika Hrvatska local short form: Hrvatska former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador James B. FOLEY embassy: 2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb mailing address: use street address telephone: [385] (1) 661-2200 FAX: [385] (1) 661-2373

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 588-5899 FAX: [1] (202) 588-8936 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Ivo JOSIPOVIC (since 18 February 2010) head of government: Prime Minister Jadranka KOSOR (since 6 July 2009); Deputy Prime Ministers Bozidar PANKRETIC (since 6 July 2009), Darko MILINOVIC (since 13 November 2009), Domagoj Ivan MILOSEVIC (since 29 December 2010), Petar COBANKOVIC (since 29 December 2010), Slobodan UZELAC (since 12 January 2008), Gordan JANDROKOVIC (since 29 December 2010) cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the parliamentary assembly (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2015); the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and then approved by the assembly election results: Ivo JOSIPOVIC elected president; percent of vote in the second round - Ivo JOSIPOVIC 60%, Milan BANDIC 40%

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions, they are (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia note: the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia

Government type

presidential/parliamentary democracy

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts are appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Assembly

Legal system

civil law system based on Yugoslav civil codes; note - Croatian legislation is changing the former Yugoslav legal model

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly or Sabor (151 seats; members elected from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in late 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - Kukuriku 40.1%, HDZ 23.5%, Laborists-Labor 5.1%, HDSSB 2.9%, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2.8%, HSS 3%, HCSP-HSP 2.8%, other 19.9%; number of seats by party - Kukuriku 80, HDZ 44, Laborists-Labor 6, HDSSB 6, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2, HSS 1, HCSP-HSP 1, other 11

National anthem

name: "Lijepa nasa domovino" (Our Beautiful Homeland) lyrics/music: Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN note: adopted 1972; "Lijepa nasa domovino," whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891

National holiday

Independence Day, 8 October (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, Parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia

National symbol(s)

red-white checkerboard

Political parties and leaders

Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Jadranka KOSOR]; Croatian Laborists-Labor Party [Dragutin LESAR]; Croatian Party of the Right or HSP [Ante STARCEVIC]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Josip FRISCIC]; Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Radimir CACIC]; Croatian Pure Party of the Right or HCSP [Ruza TOMASIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Kukuriku Coalition (consists of SDP, HNS, IDS, and HSU) [Zoran MILANOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]

Political pressure groups and leaders

other: human rights groups

Suffrage

18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

Background

The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Coratia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. In April 2009, Croatia joined NATO; it is a candidate for eventual EU accession.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 1,016,234 females age 16-49: 1,017,355 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 770,710 females age 16-49: 839,732 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 28,334 female: 27,015 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH), consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command, Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2011)

Military expenditures

2.39% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Military service age and obligation

18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; 16 years of age with parental consent; 6-month service obligation; conscription abolished 1 January 2008 (2010)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.1% (male 346,553/female 328,677) 15-64 years: 68.1% (male 1,516,884/female 1,536,065) 65 years and over: 16.9% (male 296,268/female 459,357) (2011 est.)

Birth rate

9.6 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Death rate

11.91 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 97% of population total: 99% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 3% of population total: 1% of population (2008)

Education expenditures

4.6% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 76

Ethnic groups

Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

less than 0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Health expenditures

7.8% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 60

Hospital bed density

5.49 beds/1,000 population (2007) country comparison to the world: 33

Infant mortality rate

total: 6.16 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 174 male: 6.24 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Languages

Croatian (official) 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) 2.9% (2001 census)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 75.79 years country comparison to the world: 80 male: 72.17 years female: 79.6 years (2011 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.1% male: 99.3% female: 97.1% (2001 census)

Major cities - population

ZAGREB (capital) 685,000 (2009)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

14 deaths/100,000 live births (2008) country comparison to the world: 134

Median age

total: 41.4 years male: 39.5 years female: 43.3 years (2011 est.)

Nationality

noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s) adjective: Croatian

Net migration rate

1.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 45

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

22.3% (2003) country comparison to the world: 18

Physicians density

2.59 physicians/1,000 population (2007) country comparison to the world: 52

Population

4,483,804 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 124

Population growth rate

-0.076% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 202

Religions

Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 99% of population rural: 98% of population total: 99% of population unimproved: urban: 1% of population rural: 2% of population total: 1% of population (2008)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 14 years male: 13 years female: 14 years (2008)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.055 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.43 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 21.9% country comparison to the world: 46 male: 18.5% female: 27.2% (2008)

Urbanization

urban population: 58% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Pirin Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains unratified and in dispute; Slovenia also protests Croatia's 2003 claim to an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic; as a European Union peripheral state, Slovenia imposed a hard border Schengen regime with non-member Croatia in December 2007

Illicit drugs

transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe (2008)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs: 2,900-7,000 (Croats and Serbs displaced in 1992-95 war) (2007)

Airports

69 (2010) country comparison to the world: 73

Airports - with paved runways

total: 23 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 9 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 46 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 38 (2010)

Heliports

1 (2010)

Merchant marine

total: 75 country comparison to the world: 56 by type: bulk carrier 24, cargo 7, chemical tanker 6, passenger/cargo 27, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 2 (Norway 2) registered in other countries: 33 (Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Liberia 2, Malta 7, Marshall Islands 12, Panama 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8) (2010)

Pipelines

gas 1,686 km; oil 532 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Omisalj, Ploce, Rijeka, Sibernik, Split, Vukovar (on Danube River)

Railways

total: 2,722 km country comparison to the world: 60 standard gauge: 2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (985 km electrified) (2009)

Roadways

total: 29,343 km (includes 1,047 km of expressways) (2009) country comparison to the world: 99

Waterways

785 km (2009) country comparison to the world: 74