Croatia

Broadcast media

the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT), operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; roughly 25 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national radio networks and 9 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and more than 170 regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2012)

Internet country code

.hr

Internet hosts

729,420 (2012) country comparison to the world: 50

Internet users

2.234 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 73

Telephone system

general assessment: the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s, covering much of what were once inaccessible areas; local lines are digital domestic: fixed-line teledensity holding steady at about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions exceed the population international: country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

1.64 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 65

Telephones - mobile cellular

4.97 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 112

Agriculture - products

arable crops (wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, alfalfa, clover); vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, onion, tomato, pepper); fruits (apples, plum, mandarins, olives), grapes for wine; livestock (cattle, cows, pigs); dairy products

Budget

revenues: $21.56 billion expenditures: $23.42 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 127

Central bank discount rate

7% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 42 7% (31 December 2011 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

9.48% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 92 9.68% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$-51.55 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 68 $-548 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$65.37 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 56 $64.83 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

32 (2010) country comparison to the world: 105 29 (1998)

Economy - overview

Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve slowly with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6% led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008 and has yet to recover. Difficult problems still remain, including a stubbornly high unemployment rate, uneven regional development, and a challenging investment climate. The new government has announced a more flexible approach to privatization, including the sale in the coming years of state-owned businesses that are not of strategic importance. While macroeconomic stabilization has largely been achieved, structural reforms lag. Croatia will face significant pressure as a result of the global financial crisis, due to reduced exports and capital inflows. Croatia reentered a recession in 2012, and Zagreb cut spending. The government also raised additional revenues through more stringent tax collection and by raising the Value Added Tax in February 2012. On 1 July 2013 Croatia joined the EU, following a decade long application process. Croatia will be a member of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism until it meets the criteria for joining the Economic and Monetary Union and adopts the euro as its currency. Croatia's high foreign debt, strained state budget, and over-reliance on tourism revenue could hinder economic progress over the medium-term.

Exchange rates

kuna (HRK) per US dollar - 5.85 (2012 est.) 5.34 (2011 est.) 5.5 (2010 est.) 5.27 (2009) 4.98 (2008)

Exports

$12.6 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 85 $13.6 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels

Exports - partners

Italy 14.9%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.2%, Germany 10.6%, Slovenia 8.8%, Austria 6.8% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$55.71 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$77.56 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 82 $79.12 billion (2011 est.) $79.16 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 59.2% government consumption: 19.8% investment in fixed capital: 18.4% investment in inventories: 2% exports of goods and services: 43.4% imports of goods and services: -42.7% (2012 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 5% industry: 25.8% services: 69.2% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$17,600 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 77 $18,000 (2011 est.) $17,900 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

-2% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 209 0% (2011 est.) -2.3% (2010 est.)

Gross national saving

19.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 80 19.5% of GDP (2011 est.) 19.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.3% highest 10%: 27.5% (2008 est.)

Imports

$20.37 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 75 $22.15 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs

Imports - partners

Italy 16.7%, Germany 12.9%, Russia 7.6%, China 7.1%, Slovenia 5.9%, Austria 4.5% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

-6.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 176

Industries

chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.4% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 108 2.3% (2011 est.)

Labor force

1.702 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 2.1% industry: 29% services: 69% (2012)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$21.3 billion (31 December 2012) country comparison to the world: 61 $22.44 billion (31 December 2011) $25.28 billion (31 December 2010)

Population below poverty line

21.1% (2011)

Public debt

53.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 52 47.2% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$14.81 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 65 $14.48 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$43.47 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 70 $41.42 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$5.581 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 64 $5.728 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$36.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $34.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$55.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 62 $54.92 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$9.216 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 78 $8.924 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

38.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

Unemployment rate

19.1% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 159 17.8% (2011 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

22.35 million Mt (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 128

Crude oil - imports

53,620 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Crude oil - production

20,070 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Crude oil - proved reserves

71 million bbl (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 77

Electricity - consumption

16.7 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 72

Electricity - exports

1.38 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 50

Electricity - from fossil fuels

45.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

44.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 53

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

Electricity - from other renewable sources

2.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Electricity - imports

8.799 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 26

Electricity - installed generating capacity

4.132 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Electricity - production

9.281 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 96

Natural gas - consumption

2.755 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Natural gas - exports

222 million cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Natural gas - imports

1.127 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Natural gas - production

1.85 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Natural gas - proved reserves

24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 74

Refined petroleum products - consumption

74,410 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Refined petroleum products - exports

33,870 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Refined petroleum products - imports

31,250 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 90

Refined petroleum products - production

77,020 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Area

total: 56,594 sq km country comparison to the world: 127 land: 55,974 sq km water: 620 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate

Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Coastline

5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Dinara 1,831 m

Environment - current issues

air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

45 10 N, 15 30 E

Geography - note

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

Irrigated land

36.27 sq km (2010)

Land boundaries

total: 1,982 km border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 455 km

Land use

arable land: 15.85% permanent crops: 1.47% other: 82.69% (2011)

Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards

destructive earthquakes

Natural resources

oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Terrain

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Total renewable water resources

105.5 cu km (2011)

Administrative divisions

20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska, Brodsko-Posavska, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka, Krapinsko-Zagorska, Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska, Osjecko-Baranjska, Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska, Sibensko-Kninska, Sisacko-Moslavacka, Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska, Viroviticko-Podravska, Vukovarsko-Srijemska, Zadarska, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)

Capital

name: Zagreb geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990; amended several times, last in 2010 (2012)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Croatia conventional short form: Croatia local long form: Republika Hrvatska local short form: Hrvatska former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth MERTEN (since 3 October 2012) embassy: 2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb mailing address: use street address telephone: [385] (1) 661-2200 FAX: [385] (1) 661-2373

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Josko PARO (since 20 April 2012) chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 588-5899 FAX: [1] (202) 588-8936 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Ivo JOSIPOVIC (since 18 February 2010) head of government: Prime Minister Zoran MILANOVIC (since 23 December 2011); First Deputy Prime Minister Vesna PUSIC (since 16 November 2012) cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the parliamentary assembly (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2014); the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and then approved by the assembly election results: Ivo JOSIPOVIC elected president; percent of vote in the second round - Ivo JOSIPOVIC 60%, Milan BANDIC 40%

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions, they are (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia note: the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices) judge selection and term of office: president of Supreme Court nominated by president of Croatia and elected by Croatian Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70 subordinate courts: Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts; note - there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside Croatia's judicial system

Legal system

civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly or Sabor (151 seats; members elected from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in late 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - Kukuriku 40%, HDZ 23.5%, Laborists-Labor 5.1%, HSS 3%, HDSSB 2.9%, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2.8%, HCSP-HSP 2.8%, other 19.9%; number of seats by party - Kukuriku 80, HDZ 47, Laborists-Labor 6, HDSSB 6, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2, HSS 1, HCSP-HSP 1, other 8

National anthem

name: "Lijepa nasa domovino" (Our Beautiful Homeland)

National holiday

Independence Day, 8 October (1991) and Statehood Day, 25 June (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, Parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia

National symbol(s)

red-white checkerboard

Political parties and leaders

Croatian Civic Party or HGS [Zeljko KERUM] Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC] Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Tomislav KARAMARKO] Croatian Laborists-Labor Party [Dragutin LESAR] Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Daniel SRB] Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Branko HRG] Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA] Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Vesna PUSIC] Croatian Pure Party of Rights-Ante Starcevic or HCSP [Ruza TOMASIC] Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR] Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC] Independent List of Ivan Grubisic [Ivan GRUBISIC] Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC] Kukuriku Coalition (consists of SDP, HNS, IDS, and HSU) [Zoran MILANOVIC] Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]

Political pressure groups and leaders

other: human rights groups

Suffrage

18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

Background

The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in April 2009 and the EU in July 2013.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 1,016,234 females age 16-49: 1,017,355 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 770,710 females age 16-49: 839,732 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 28,334 female: 27,015 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH) consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo I Protuzracna Obrana), Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2012)

Military expenditures

1.5% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 95

Military service age and obligation

18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; 6-month service obligation (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 14.6% (male 334,424/female 317,141) 15-24 years: 12.2% (male 279,375/female 267,184) 25-54 years: 41.4% (male 917,030/female 935,270) 55-64 years: 14.4% (male 314,761/female 330,961) 65 years and over: 17.4% (male 311,581/female 467,884) (2013 est.)

Birth rate

9.53 births/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 201

Death rate

12.06 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 28

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 49.6 % youth dependency ratio: 22.3 % elderly dependency ratio: 27.4 % potential support ratio: 3.7 (2013)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 97% of population total: 99% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 3% of population total: 1% of population (2010 est.)

Education expenditures

4.4% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 97

Ethnic groups

Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

less than 0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 147

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Health expenditures

7.8% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 66

Hospital bed density

6 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

total: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 173 male: 6.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

Languages

Croatian (official) 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) 2.9% (2001 census)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 76.2 years country comparison to the world: 81 male: 72.6 years female: 80 years (2013 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.9% male: 99.5% female: 98.3% (2011 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: intermediate vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

Major urban areas - population

ZAGREB (capital) 686,000 (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

17 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 143

Median age

total: 41.8 years male: 40 years female: 43.7 years (2013 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

27.7 (2010 est.)

Nationality

noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s) adjective: Croatian

Net migration rate

1.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 50

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

24.2% (2008) country comparison to the world: 66

Physicians density

2.72 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population

4,475,611 (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Population growth rate

-0.11% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Religions

Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 99% of population rural: 98% of population total: 99% of population unimproved: urban: 1% of population rural: 2% of population total: 1% of population (2010 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 14 years male: 14 years female: 15 years (2010)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.45 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 197

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 36.1% country comparison to the world: 15 male: 35.6% female: 36.8% (2011)

Urbanization

urban population: 58% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Pirin Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements; as a European Union peripheral state, Slovenia imposed a hard border Schengen regime with non-member Croatia in December 2007

Illicit drugs

transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe (2008)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

stateless persons: 2,886 (2012)

Airports

69 (2013) country comparison to the world: 72

Airports - with paved runways

total: 24 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 10 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 45 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 38 (2013)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

total: 77 country comparison to the world: 59 by type: bulk carrier 24, cargo 7, chemical tanker 8, passenger/cargo 27, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 2 (Norway 2) registered in other countries: 31 (Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Liberia 1, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 12, Panama 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8) (2010)

Pipelines

gas 2,410 km; oil 610 km (2011)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Ploce, Rijeka, Sibernik, Split river port(s): Vukovar (Danube) oil/gas terminal(s): Omisalj

Railways

total: 2,722 km country comparison to the world: 60 standard gauge: 2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (984 km electrified) (2011)

Roadways

total: 29,410 km (includes 1,254 km of expressways) (2011) country comparison to the world: 97

Waterways

785 km (2009) country comparison to the world: 74