Lesotho

Broadcast media

1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations; government controls most private broadcast media; satellite TV subscription service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are obtainable (2008)

Internet country code

.ls

Internet hosts

632 (2010) country comparison to the world: 175

Internet users

76,800 (2009) country comparison to the world: 167

Telephone system

general assessment: rudimentary system consisting of a modest number of landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a small radiotelephone communication system; mobile-cellular telephone system is expanding domestic: privatized in 2001, Telecom Lesotho was tasked with providing an additional 50,000 fixed-line connections within five years, a target not met; mobile-cellular service dominates the market and is expanding with a subscribership exceeding 30 per 100 persons in 2009; rural services are scant international: country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2009)

Telephones - main lines in use

38,800 (2010) country comparison to the world: 172

Telephones - mobile cellular

698,800 (2010) country comparison to the world: 157

Agriculture - products

corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock

Budget

revenues: $1.176 billion expenditures: $1.367 billion (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-9% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 192

Central bank discount rate

10% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 10.66% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

11.2% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 76 13% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance

-$334.4 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 97 -$32 million (2009 est.)

Debt - external

$666.2 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 159 $671.3 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

63.2 (1995) country comparison to the world: 4 56 (1986-87)

Economy - overview

Small, landlocked, and mountainous, Lesotho relies on remittances from Basotho employed in South Africa, customs duties from the Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU), and export revenue for the majority of government revenue. However, the government has recently strengthened its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties. Completion of a major hydropower facility in January 1998 permitted the sale of water to South Africa and generated royalties for Lesotho. Lesotho produces about 90% of its own electrical power needs. As the number of mineworkers has declined steadily over the past several years, a small manufacturing base has developed based on farm products that support the milling, canning, leather, and jute industries, as well as an apparel-assembly sector. Despite Lesotho's market-based economy being heavily tied to its neighbor South Africa, the US is an important trade partner because of the export sector's heavy dependence on apparel exports. Exports have grown significantly because of the trade benefits contained in the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act. Most of the labor force is engaged in subsistence agriculture, especially livestock herding, although drought has decreased agricultural activity. The extreme inequality in the distribution of income remains a major drawback. Lesotho has signed an Interim Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF. In July 2007, Lesotho signed a Millennium Challenge Account Compact with the US worth $362.5 million. Economic growth dropped in 2009, due mainly to the effects of the global economic crisis as demand for the country's exports declined and SACU revenue fell precipitously when South Africa - the primary contributor to the SACU revenue pool - went into recession, but growth returned to 3.5% in 2010.

Electricity - consumption

236 million kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 177

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

107 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

200 million kWh country comparison to the world: 179 note: electricity supplied by South Africa (2008 est.)

Exchange rates

maloti (LSL) per US dollar - 7.9 (2010) 8.47 (2009) 7.75 (2008) 7.25 (2007) 6.85 (2006)

Exports

$823.2 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 160 $715.9 million (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities

manufactures 75% (clothing, footwear, road vehicles), wool and mohair, food and live animals

Exports - partners

US 58.4%, Belgium 34%, Canada 3.7% (2010)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$2.127 billion (2010 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$3.303 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 173 $3.223 billion (2009 est.) $3.129 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 8.4% industry: 33.9% services: 57.7% (2010 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$1,700 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 195 $1,700 (2009 est.) $1,600 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

2.4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 139 3% (2009 est.) 4.7% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 1% highest 10%: 39.4% (2003)

Imports

$1.885 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 156 $1.668 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities

food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products

Imports - partners

South Korea 26.9%, China 23.1%, Taiwan 22.1%, Hong Kong 6.6%, US 4.4% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate

3% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Industries

food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.6% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 119 7.2% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

29.3% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

Labor force

854,600 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 86% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa industry and services: 14% (2002 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 197

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 133

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 208

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 158

Oil - consumption

2,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

Oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 172

Oil - imports

1,690 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 185

Oil - production

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 155

Population below poverty line

49% (1999)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$918.6 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 137 $962 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money

$1.057 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 165 $876 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$60.61 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 186 $54.2 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$588.6 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 157 $467.2 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

55.3% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 15

Unemployment rate

45% (2002) country comparison to the world: 189

Area

total: 30,355 sq km country comparison to the world: 142 land: 30,355 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate

temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

lowest point: junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m highest point: Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m

Environment - current issues

population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.05 cu km/yr (40%/40%/20%) per capita: 28 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

29 30 S, 28 30 E

Geography - note

landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 m above sea level

Irrigated land

30 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries

total: 909 km border countries: South Africa 909 km

Land use

arable land: 10.87% permanent crops: 0.13% other: 89% (2005)

Location

Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

periodic droughts

Natural resources

water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone

Terrain

mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains

Total renewable water resources

5.2 cu km (1987)

Administrative divisions

10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka

Capital

name: Maseru geographic coordinates: 29 19 S, 27 29 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

2 April 1993

Country name

conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho conventional short form: Lesotho local long form: Kingdom of Lesotho local short form: Lesotho former: Basutoland

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Michele T. BOND embassy: 254 Kingsway, Maseru West (Consular Section) mailing address: P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho telephone: [266] 22 312666 FAX: [266] 22 310116

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Molefi Christopher NYAKA chancery: 2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 797-5533 FAX: [1] (202) 234-6815

Executive branch

chief of state: King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile head of government: Prime Minister Pakalitha MOSISILI (since 23 May 1998) cabinet: Cabinet (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: according to the constitution, the leader of the majority party in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister; the monarchy is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution that came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, determine who is next in the line of succession, or who shall serve as regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age

Flag description

three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in the proportions of 3:4:3; the colors represent rain, peace, and prosperity respectively; centered in the white stripe is a black Basotho hat representing the indigenous people; the flag was unfurled in October 2006 to celebrate 40 years of independence

Government type

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Independence

4 October 1966 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch acting on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts; customary or traditional courts

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 members - 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party) and the Assembly (120 seats, 80 by popular vote and 40 by proportional vote; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 17 February 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LCD 61, NIP 21, ABC 17, LWP 10, ACP 4, BNP 3, other 4

National anthem

name: "Lesotho fatse la bo ntat'a rona" (Lesotho, Land of Our Fathers) lyrics/music: Francois COILLARD/Ferdinand-Samuel LAUR note: adopted 1967; the anthem's music derives from an 1823 Swiss songbook

National holiday

Independence Day, 4 October (1966)

National symbol(s)

Basotho hat

Political parties and leaders

Alliance of Congress Parties or ACP (including the Lesotho People's Congress or LCP [Kelebone MAOPE], the Basotholand African Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE], and a faction of the Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]); All Basotho Convention or ABC [Thomas THABANE]; Basotho Batho Democratic Party or BBDP; Basotho Congress Party or BCP; Basotho Democratic National Party or BDNP [Thabang NYEOE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [vacant]; Basotholand African National Congress or BANC; Christian Democratic Party or CDP [Enerst RAMOKOENA]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Pakalitha MOSISILI] (the governing party); Lesotho Workers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; National Independent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Media Institute of Southern Africa, Lesotho chapter [Thabang MATJAMA] (pushes for media freedom)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Basutoland was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho upon independence from the UK in 1966. The Basuto National Party ruled for the first two decades. King MOSHOESHOE was exiled in 1990, but returned to Lesotho in 1992 and was reinstated in 1995 and subsequently succeeded by his son, King LETSIE III, in 1996. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after seven years of military rule. In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody intervention by South African and Botswana military forces under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community. Subsequent constitutional reforms restored relative political stability. Peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002, but the National Assembly elections of February 2007 were hotly contested and aggrieved parties continue to dispute how the electoral law was applied to award proportional seats in the Assembly.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 472,456 females age 16-49: 508,953 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 270,184 females age 16-49: 275,734 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 19,110 female: 20,037 (2010 est.)

Military - note

Lesotho's declared policy is maintenance of its independent sovereignty and preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa; restructuring of the Lesotho Defense Force (LDF) and Ministry of Defense and Public Service over the past five years has focused on subordinating the defense apparatus to civilian control and restoring the LDF's cohesion; the restructuring has considerably improved capabilities and professionalism, but the LDF is disproportionately large for a small, poor country; the government has outlined a reduction to a planned 1,500-man strength, but these plans have met with vociferous resistance from the political opposition and from inside the LDF (2008)

Military branches

Lesotho Defense Force (LDF): Army (includes Air Wing) (2010)

Military expenditures

2.6% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 57

Military service age and obligation

18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women serve as commissioned officers (2009)

Age structure

0-14 years: 33.5% (male 323,934/female 321,727) 15-64 years: 61.1% (male 573,773/female 602,443) 65 years and over: 5.4% (male 50,956/female 52,053) (2011 est.)

Birth rate

26.93 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

16.6% (2005) country comparison to the world: 49

Death rate

15.19 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 9

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 97% of population rural: 81% of population total: 85% of population unimproved: urban: 3% of population rural: 19% of population total: 15% of population (2008)

Education expenditures

12.4% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 3

Ethnic groups

Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%,

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

23.6% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 3

HIV/AIDS - deaths

14,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 20

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

290,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 20

Health expenditures

13.2% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 5

Hospital bed density

1.33 beds/1,000 population (2006) country comparison to the world: 129

Infant mortality rate

total: 55.04 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 40 male: 59.28 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Languages

Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 51.63 years country comparison to the world: 211 male: 51.51 years female: 51.76 years (2011 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84.8% male: 74.5% female: 94.5% (2003 est.)

Major cities - population

MASERU (capital) 220,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

530 deaths/100,000 live births (2008) country comparison to the world: 25

Median age

total: 22.9 years male: 22.8 years female: 22.9 years (2011 est.)

Nationality

noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural) adjective: Basotho

Net migration rate

-8.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 206

Physicians density

0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2003) country comparison to the world: 177

Population

1,924,886 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 147 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

0.332% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 165

Religions

Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 40% of population rural: 25% of population total: 29% of population unimproved: urban: 60% of population rural: 75% of population total: 71% of population (2008)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years male: 10 years female: 10 years (2008)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.94 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

Urbanization

urban population: 27% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

none

Airports

26 (2010) country comparison to the world: 128

Airports - with paved runways

total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 18 (2010)

Roadways

total: 7,091 km country comparison to the world: 147 paved: 1,404 km unpaved: 5,687 km (2003)