Lesotho

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 5,060 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)

Broadcast media

1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations; most private broadcast media transmitters are connected to government radio signal towers; satellite TV subscription service available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters obtainable (2019)

Internet country code

.ls

Internet users

total: 1.104 million (2021 est.) percent of population: 48% (2021 est.)

Telecommunication systems

general assessment: until late 2020, Lesotho s telecom regulator maintained a market duopoly which is focused on fixed-line services; competition was insufficient to promote effective price reductions for consumers, while the regulator had no mechanisms in place to monitor the telcos to ensure quality of service and fair pricing for consumers; the small size of the country s population provided little incentive for new players to enter the market; a positive outcome for consumers was the deployment in early 2021 of a service to monitor traffic and billing; this ended the practice whereby the regulator was dependent on telcos submitting data about their performance, billing, and other matters; the regulator has also turned its attention to addressing multiple SIM ownership and stemming incidences of crimes committed using unregistered SIMs; in May 2022, it instructed the country s Mobile Network Operators to begin registering SIM cards on their networks from the following month; fixed-wireless 5G trials began in early 2019 (2022) domestic: fixed-line is less than 1 per 100 subscriptions; mobile-cellular service subscribership is 80 per 100 persons (2021) international: country code - 266; Internet accessibility has improved with several submarine fiber optic cables that land on African east and west coasts, but the country's land locked position makes access prices expensive; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 7,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 1.557 million (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 68 (2022 est.)

Agricultural products

milk, potatoes, maize, vegetables, fruits, beans, wheat, game meat, sorghum, wool (2022) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Budget

revenues: $1.13 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $947.517 million (2022 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Credit ratings

Fitch rating: B (2019) note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

Current account balance

-$117.501 million (2023 est.) -$264.265 million (2022 est.) -$194.1 million (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Debt - external

$830.976 million (2022 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Economic overview

lower middle-income economy surrounded by South Africa; environmentally fragile and politically unstable; key infrastructure and renewable energy investments; dire poverty; urban job and income losses due to COVID-19; systemic corruption

Exchange rates

maloti (LSL) per US dollar - 18.45 (2023 est.) 16.356 (2022 est.) 14.779 (2021 est.) 16.459 (2020 est.) 14.448 (2019 est.)

Exports

$886.278 million (2023 est.) $1.07 billion (2022 est.) $1.082 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

garments, diamonds, water, wool, power equipment (2022) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

South Africa 37%, US 28%, Belgium 19%, UAE 6%, UK 3% (2022) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate)

$2.046 billion (2023 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 88.7% (2022 est.) government consumption: 34.2% (2022 est.) investment in fixed capital: 28% (2022 est.) investment in inventories: 0.3% (2022 est.) exports of goods and services: 47.2% (2022 est.) imports of goods and services: -98.5% (2022 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 6.3% (2023 est.) industry: 29.5% (2023 est.) services: 51.4% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

44.9 (2017 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 1.7% (2017 est.) highest 10%: 32.9% (2017 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

$2.058 billion (2023 est.) $2.244 billion (2022 est.) $2.222 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, fabric, cotton, garments, electricity (2022) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

South Africa 77%, China 6%, Taiwan 5%, Zimbabwe 4%, India 2% (2022) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

-0.33% (2023 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

6.34% (2023 est.) 8.27% (2022 est.) 6.05% (2021 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

1.004 million (2023 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Population below poverty line

49.7% (2017 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

2.99% of GDP (2020 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$5.868 billion (2023 est.) $5.816 billion (2022 est.) $5.742 billion (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate

0.9% (2023 est.) 1.29% (2022 est.) 1.85% (2021 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita

$2,500 (2023 est.) $2,500 (2022 est.) $2,500 (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances

24.12% of GDP (2023 est.) 23.29% of GDP (2022 est.) 19.71% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$774.095 million (2019 est.) $728.528 million (2018 est.) $657.668 million (2017 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

31.31% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

16.46% (2023 est.) 16.67% (2022 est.) 18.13% (2021 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 24.8% (2023 est.) male: 17.5% (2023 est.) female: 34.8% (2023 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Carbon dioxide emissions

752,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 752,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Coal

imports: 23,000 metric tons (2022 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 75,000 kW (2022 est.) consumption: 828.817 million kWh (2022 est.) imports: 429.639 million kWh (2022 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 102.88 million kWh (2022 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 50% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 83.6% electrification - rural areas: 37.7%

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.) solar: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.) hydroelectricity: 99.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

5.975 million Btu/person (2022 est.)

Petroleum

refined petroleum consumption: 5,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)

Air pollutants

particulate matter emissions: 17.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) carbon dioxide emissions: 2.51 megatons (2016 est.) methane emissions: 2.56 megatons (2020 est.)

Climate

temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Environment - current issues

population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Food insecurity

severe localized food insecurity: due to h igh food prices and economic downturn - food insecurity conditions are primarily underpinned by the high food prices and a slow economic recovery that is impinging on households economic capacity to access food; Lesotho is a net importer of key staple food commodities and energy, domestic prices have been largely influenced by the high level of international prices (2023)

Land use

agricultural land: 76.1% (2018 est.) arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 65.9% (2018 est.) forest: 1.5% (2018 est.) other: 22.4% (2018 est.)

Major rivers (by length in km)

Orange river source (shared with South Africa and Namibia [m]) - 2,092 km note [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Orange (941,351 sq km)

Revenue from coal

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Revenue from forest resources

3.34% of GDP (2018 est.)

Total renewable water resources

3.02 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total water withdrawal

municipal: 20 million cubic meters (2020 est.) industrial: 20 million cubic meters (2020 est.) agricultural: 3.8 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 30.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 73,457 tons (2006 est.)

Area

total : 30,355 sq km land: 30,355 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate

temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

highest point: Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m lowest point: junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m mean elevation: 2,161 m

Geographic coordinates

29 30 S, 28 30 E

Geography - note

landlocked, an enclave of (completely surrounded by) South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 m above sea level

Irrigated land

12 sq km (2013)

Land boundaries

total: 1,106 km border countries (1): South Africa 1,106 km

Land use

agricultural land: 76.1% (2018 est.) arable land: 10.1% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 65.9% (2018 est.) forest: 1.5% (2018 est.) other: 22.4% (2018 est.)

Location

Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa

Major rivers (by length in km)

Orange river source (shared with South Africa and Namibia [m]) - 2,092 km note [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Orange (941,351 sq km)

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

periodic droughts

Natural resources

water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone

Population distribution

relatively higher population density in the western half of the nation, with the capital of Maseru, and the smaller cities of Mafeteng, Teyateyaneng, and Leribe attracting the most people as shown in this population distribution map

Terrain

mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains

Administrative divisions

10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka

Capital

name: Maseru geographic coordinates: 29 19 S, 27 29 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: in the Sesotho language the name means "[place of] red sandstones"

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution

history: previous 1959, 1967; latest adopted 2 April 1993 (effectively restoring the 1967 version) amendments: proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including fundamental rights and freedoms, sovereignty of the kingdom, the office of the king, and powers of Parliament, requires a majority vote by the National Assembly, approval by the Senate, approval in a referendum by a majority of qualified voters, and assent of the king; passage of amendments other than those specified provisions requires at least a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament; amended several times, last in 2011

Country name

conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho conventional short form: Lesotho local long form: Kingdom of Lesotho local short form: Lesotho former: Basutoland etymology: the name translates as "Land of the Sesotho Speakers"

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Maria E. BREWER (since 10 March 2022) embassy: 254 Kingsway Avenue, Maseru mailing address: 2340 Maseru Place, Washington DC 20521-2340 telephone: [266] 22312666 FAX: [266] 22310116 email address and website: USConsularMaseru@state.gov https://ls.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Tumisang MOSOTHO (since 16 September 2022) chancery: 2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 797-5533 FAX: [1] (202) 234-6815 email address and website: lesothoembassy@verizon.net https://www.gov.ls/

Executive branch

chief of state: King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996) head of government: Prime Minister Ntsokoane Samuel MATEKANE (28 October 2022) cabinet: consists of the prime minister, appointed by the King on the advice of the Council of State, the deputy prime minister, and 18 other ministers; the prime minister is the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the National Assembly elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary, but under the terms of the constitution that came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law, the College of Chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, to determine next in line of succession, or to serve as regent in the event that a successor is not of mature age note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile

Flag description

three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in the proportions of 3:4:3; the colors represent rain, peace, and prosperity respectively; centered in the white stripe is a black mokorotlo, a traditional Basotho straw hat and national symbol; the redesigned flag was unfurled in October 2006 to celebrate 40 years of independence

Government type

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Independence

4 October 1966 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, such number of justices of appeal as set by Parliament, and the Chief Justice and the puisne judges of the High Court ex officio); High Court (consists of the chief justice and such number of puisne judges as set by Parliament); note - both the Court of Appeal and the High Court have jurisdiction in constitutional issues judge selection and term of office: Court of Appeal president and High Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; puisne judges appointed by the monarch on advice of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body of judicial officers and officials designated by the monarch; judges of both courts can serve until age 75 subordinate courts: Magistrate Courts; customary or traditional courts; military courts

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal

Legislative branch

description: bicameral Parliament consists of: Senate (33 seats; 22 principal chiefs and 11 other senators nominated by the king with the advice of the Council of State, a 13-member body of key government and non-government officials; members serve 5-year terms) National Assembly (120 seats; 80 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 40 elected through proportional representation; members serve 5-year terms) elections: Senate - last appointed by the king in November 2022 (next to be appointed 2028) National Assembly - last held on 7 October 2022 (next to be held in February 2028) election results: Senate - percent of votes by party - NA, seats by party - NA; composition - men 25, women 8, percentage women 24.2% National Assembly - percent of votes by party - RFP 38.9%, DC 24.7%, ABC 7.1%, BAP 5.4%, AD 4.0%, MEC 3.2%, LCD 2.3%, SR 2.1%, BNP 1.4%, PFD 0.9%, BCM 0.8%, MPS 0.8%, MIP 0.7%; seats by party - RFP 56, DC 29, ABC 8, BAP 6, AD 5, MEC 4, LCD 3, SR 2, BNP 1, PFD 1, BCM 1, MPS 1, NIP 1, HOPE 1, TBD 1; composition - men 90, women 30, percentage 25%; note - total Parliament percentage women 24.8%

National anthem

name: "Lesotho fatse la bo ntat'a rona" (Lesotho, Land of Our Fathers) lyrics/music: Francois COILLARD/Ferdinand-Samuel LAUR note: adopted 1967; music derives from an 1823 Swiss songbook

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (mixed) selected World Heritage Site locales: Maloti-Drakensberg Park

National holiday

Independence Day, 4 October (1966)

National symbol(s)

mokorotio (Basotho hat); national colors: blue, white, green, black

Political parties

All Basotho Convention or ABC Alliance of Democrats or AD Basotho Action Party or BAP Basotho National Party or BNP Democratic Congress or DC Democratic Party of Lesotho or DPL Lesotho People's Congress or LPC Movement of Economic Change or MEC National Independent Party or NIP Popular Front for Democracy of PFD Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Paramount chief MOSHOESHOE I consolidated what would become Basutoland in the early 19th century and made himself king in 1822. Continuing encroachments by Dutch settlers from the neighboring Orange Free State caused the king to enter into an 1868 agreement with the UK that made Basutoland first a British protectorate and, after 1884, a crown colony. After gaining independence in 1966, the country was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho. The Basotho National Party ruled the country during its first two decades. King MOSHOESHOE II was exiled in 1990, returned to Lesotho in 1992, was reinstated in 1995, and was then succeeded by his son, King LETSIE III, in 1996. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after seven years of military rule. In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody intervention by South African and Batswana military forces under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Subsequent constitutional reforms restored relative political stability. Peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002, but the National Assembly elections in 2007 were hotly contested, and aggrieved parties disputed how seats were awarded. In 2012, competitive elections saw Prime Minister Motsoahae Thomas THABANE form a coalition government -- the first in the country's history -- that ousted the 14-year incumbent, Pakalitha MOSISILI, who peacefully transferred power the following month. MOSISILI returned to power in snap elections in 2015 after the collapse of THABANE s coalition government and an alleged attempted military coup. In 2017, THABANE returned to become prime minister but stepped down in 2020 after being implicated in his estranged wife s murder. He was succeeded by Moseketsi MAJORO. In 2022, Ntsokoane Samuel MATEKANE was inaugurated as prime minister and head of a three-party coalition.

Military - note

Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa; the LDF is a small force comprised of about a half dozen infantry companies; it began in 1964 as the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); the PMU was designated as the Lesotho Paramilitary Force in 1980 and became the Royal Lesotho Defense Force in 1986; it was renamed the Lesotho Defense Force in 1993 (2024)

Military and security forces

Lesotho Defense Force (LDF): Army (includes Air Wing) (2024) note: the Lesotho Mounted Police Service is responsible for internal security and reports to the Minister of Local Government, Chieftainship, Home Affairs and Police

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 2,000 personnel (2023)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the LDF is lightly armed and has a small inventory of mostly older or second-hand equipment of European, South African, and US origin (2024)

Military expenditures

1.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2020 est.) 1.8% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for both men and women (women can serve in combat arms); no conscription (2024)

Age structure

0-14 years: 32% (male 358,137/female 353,618) 15-64 years: 62.7% (male 699,197/female 696,626) 65 years and over: 5.4% (2024 est.) (male 44,625/female 75,345)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 3.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 1.98 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.44 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.82 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

22.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Child marriage

women married by age 15: 1% women married by age 18: 16.4% men married by age 18: 1.9% (2018 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

10.5% (2018)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

64.9% (2018)

Current health expenditure

11.8% of GDP (2020)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

53.7% (2023 est.)

Death rate

10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Demographic profile

Lesotho faces great socioeconomic challenges. Almost half of its population lives below the poverty line as of 2017, and the country s HIV/AIDS prevalence rate is the second highest in the world as of 2021. In addition, Lesotho is a small, mountainous, landlocked country with little arable land, leaving its population vulnerable to food shortages and reliant on remittances. Lesotho s persistently high infant, child, and maternal mortality rates have been increasing during the last decade, according to the last two Demographic and Health Surveys. Despite these significant shortcomings, Lesotho has made good progress in education; it is on-track to achieve universal primary education and has one of the highest adult literacy rates in Africa. Lesotho s migration history is linked to its unique geography; it is surrounded by South Africa with which it shares linguistic and cultural traits. Lesotho at one time had more of its workforce employed outside its borders than any other country. Today remittances equal about 20% of its GDP. With few job options at home, a high rate of poverty, and higher wages available across the border, labor migration to South Africa replaced agriculture as the prevailing Basotho source of income decades ago. The majority of Basotho migrants were single men contracted to work as gold miners in South Africa. However, migration trends changed in the 1990s, and fewer men found mining jobs in South Africa because of declining gold prices, stricter immigration policies, and a preference for South African workers. Although men still dominate cross-border labor migration, more women are working in South Africa, mostly as domestics, because they are widows or their husbands are unemployed. Internal rural-urban flows have also become more frequent, with more women migrating within the country to take up jobs in the garment industry or moving to care for loved ones with HIV/AIDS. Lesotho s small population of immigrants is increasingly composed of Taiwanese and Chinese migrants who are involved in the textile industry and small retail businesses.

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 62.1 youth dependency ratio: 55.3 elderly dependency ratio: 6.8 potential support ratio: 14.7 (2021 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 95.7% of population rural: 77.2% of population total: 82.6% of population unimproved: urban: 4.3% of population rural: 22.8% of population total: 17.4% of population (2020 est.)

Education expenditures

8.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Ethnic groups

Sotho 99.7%, other 0.3% (includes Kwena, Nguni (Hlubi and Phuthi), Zulu)

Gross reproduction rate

1.4 (2024 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 45.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) male: 51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 40.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Sesotho (official), English (official), Phuthi, Xhosa, Zulu

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 60.2 years (2024 est.) male: 58.1 years female: 62.3 years

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 81% male: 72.9% female: 88.8% (2021)

Major urban areas - population

202,000 MASERU (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

566 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Median age

total: 23.9 years (2024 est.) male: 23.4 years female: 24.3 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

20.9 years (2014 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Nationality

noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural) adjective: Basotho

Net migration rate

-4.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

16.6% (2016)

Physician density

0.47 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Population

total: 2,227,548 male: 1,101,959 female: 1,125,589 (2024 est.)

Population distribution

relatively higher population density in the western half of the nation, with the capital of Maseru, and the smaller cities of Mafeteng, Teyateyaneng, and Leribe attracting the most people as shown in this population distribution map

Population growth rate

0.76% (2024 est.)

Religions

Protestant 47.8% (Pentecostal 23.1%, Lesotho Evangelical 17.3%, Anglican 7.4%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, other Christian 9.1%, non-Christian 1.4%, none 2.3% (2014 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 93.6% of population rural: 62.4% of population total: 71.4% of population unimproved: urban: 6.4% of population rural: 37.6% of population total: 28.6% of population (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 12 years male: 12 years female: 13 years (2017)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 24.3% (2020 est.) male: 43.1% (2020 est.) female: 5.4% (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.85 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 30.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Airports

33 (2024)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

7P

Roadways

total: 6,906 km paved: 1,799 km unpaved: 5,107 km (2022)