New Zealand

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 1.582 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2017 est.)

Broadcast media

state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available, as are a range of streaming services (2019)

Internet country code

.nz

Internet users

total: 3,958,642 | percent of population: 88.5% (July 2016 est.)

Telephone system

general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems; mobile and P2P services soar; LTE rates some of the fastest in the world; investment and development of infrastructure enable network capabilities to propel the digital economy, digital media sector along with e-government, e-commerce across the country (2018) | domestic: fixed-line 30 per 100 and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership 142 per 100 persons (2018) | international: country code - 64; landing points for the Southern Cross NEXT, Aqualink, Nelson-Levin, SCCN and Hawaiki submarine cable system providing links to Australia, Fiji, American Samoa, Kiribati, Samo, Tokelau, US and around New Zealand; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) (2019)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 1.368 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2017 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 6.4 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 142 (2017 est.)

Agriculture - products

dairy products, sheep, beef, poultry, fruit, vegetables, wine, seafood, wheat and barley

Budget

revenues: 74.11 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 70.97 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central bank discount rate

1.75% (31 December 2017) | 1.75% (31 December 2016)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.1% (31 December 2017 est.) | 5.02% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current account balance

-$5.471 billion (2017 est.) | -$4.171 billion (2016 est.)

Debt - external

$91.62 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $84.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

36.2 (1997)

Economy - overview

Over the past 40 years, the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy, dependent on concessionary British market access, to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes, but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. Per capita income rose for 10 consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, fueling a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for policymakers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007 and 2008. The higher rate attracted international capital inflows, which strengthened the currency and housing market while aggravating the current account deficit. Rising house prices, especially in Auckland, have become a political issue in recent years, as well as a policy challenge in 2016 and 2017, as the ability to afford housing has declined for many. Expanding New Zealand’s network of free trade agreements remains a top foreign policy priority. New Zealand was an early promoter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and was the second country to ratify the agreement in May 2017. Following the United States’ withdrawal from the TPP in January 2017, on 10 November 2017 the remaining 11 countries agreed on the core elements of a modified agreement, which they renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). In November 2016, New Zealand opened negotiations to upgrade its FTA with China; China is one of New Zealand’s most important trading partners.

Exchange rates

New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - | 1.416 (2017 est.) | 1.4341 (2016 est.) | 1.4341 (2015 est.) | 1.4279 (2014 est.) | 1.2039 (2013 est.)

Exports

$37.35 billion (2017 est.) | $33.61 billion (2016 est.)

Exports - commodities

dairy products, meat and edible offal, logs and wood articles, fruit, crude oil, wine

Exports - partners

China 22.4%, Australia 16.4%, US 9.9%, Japan 6.1% (2017)

Fiscal year

1 April - 31 March | note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes

GDP (official exchange rate)

$201.4 billion (2017 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$189 billion (2017 est.) | $183.4 billion (2016 est.) | $176.1 billion (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 57.2% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 18.2% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 23.4% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: 0.3% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 27% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -26.1% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 5.7% (2017 est.) | industry: 21.5% (2017 est.) | services: 72.8% (2017 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$39,000 (2017 est.) | $38,600 (2016 est.) | $37,900 (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - real growth rate

3% (2017 est.) | 4.1% (2016 est.) | 4.2% (2015 est.)

Gross national saving

21% of GDP (2017 est.) | 21.5% of GDP (2016 est.) | 20.2% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA | highest 10%: NA

Imports

$39.74 billion (2017 est.) | $35.53 billion (2016 est.)

Imports - commodities

petroleum and products, mechanical machinery, vehicles and parts, electrical machinery, textiles

Imports - partners

China 19%, Australia 12.1%, US 10.5%, Japan 7.3%, Germany 5.3%, Thailand 4.6% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate

1.8% (2017 est.)

Industries

agriculture, forestry, fishing, logs and wood articles, manufacturing, mining, construction, financial services, real estate services, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.9% (2017 est.) | 0.6% (2016 est.)

Labor force

2.655 million (2017 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 6.6% | industry: 20.7% | services: 72.7% (2017 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$80.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $74.35 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $74.42 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA

Public debt

31.7% of GDP (2017 est.) | 33.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$20.68 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $17.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of broad money

$46.52 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $42.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$16.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $18.03 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$84.19 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $70.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$304.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $284.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$46.52 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $42.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

36.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate

4.7% (2017 est.) | 5.1% (2016 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

37.75 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports

26,440 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - imports

108,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - production

24,000 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

51.8 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption

39.5 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

23% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

58% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

20% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

9.301 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production

42.53 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption

5.182 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production

5.097 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

33.7 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

169,100 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

1,782 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

56,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

115,100 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Area

total: 268,838 sq km | land: 264,537 sq km | water: 4,301 sq km | note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands

Area - comparative

almost twice the size of North Carolina; about the size of Colorado | Area comparison map: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Australia - Oceania :: New Zealand Print Image Description almost twice the size of North Carolina; about the size of Colorado

Climate

temperate with sharp regional contrasts

Coastline

15,134 km

Elevation

mean elevation: 388 m | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | highest point: Aoraki/Mount Cook 3,724 m; note - the mountain's height was 3,764 m until 14 December 1991 when it lost about 10 m in an avalanche of rock and ice; erosion of the ice cap since then has brought the height down another 30 m

Environment - current issues

water quality and availability; rapid urbanisation; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation; native flora and fauna hard-hit by invasive species; negative effects of climate change

Environment - international agreements

party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation

Geographic coordinates

41 00 S, 174 00 E

Geography - note

note 1: consists of two main islands and a number of smaller islands; South Island, the larger main island, is the 12th largest island in the world and is divided along its length by the Southern Alps; North Island is the 14th largest island in the world and is not as mountainous, but it is marked by volcanism note 2: New Zealand lies along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire note 3: almost 90% of the population lives in cities and over three-quarters on North Island; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world

Irrigated land

7,210 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

agricultural land: 43.2% (2011 est.) | arable land: 1.8% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 0.3% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 41.1% (2011 est.) | forest: 31.4% (2011 est.) | other: 25.4% (2011 est.)

Location

Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia

Map references

Oceania

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Natural hazards

earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity volcanism: significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (2,797 m), which last erupted in 2007, has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island; see note 2 under "Geography - note"

Natural resources

natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone

Population distribution

over three-quarters of New Zealanders, including the indigenous Maori, live on the North Island, primarily in urban areas

Terrain

predominately mountainous with large coastal plains

Administrative divisions

16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast

Capital

name: Wellington | geographic coordinates: 41 18 S, 174 47 E | time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April | note: New Zealand has two time zones: New Zealand standard time (UTC+12) and Chatham Islands time (45 minutes in advance of New Zealand standard time; UTC+12:45) etymology: named in 1840 after Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington and victorious general at the Battle of Waterloo

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of New Zealand | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years

Constitution

history: New Zealand has no single constitution document; the Constitution Act 1986, effective 1 January 1987, includes only part of the uncodified constitution; others include a collection of statutes or "acts of Parliament," the Treaty of Waitangi, Orders in Council, letters patent, court decisions, and unwritten conventions | amendments: proposed as bill by Parliament or by referendum called either by the government or by citizens; passage of a bill as an act normally requires two separate readings with committee reviews in between to make changes and corrections, a third reading approved by the House of Representatives membership or by the majority of votes in a referendum, and assent of the governor-general; passage of amendments to reserved constitutional provisions affecting the term of Parliament, electoral districts, and voting restrictions requires approval by 75% of the House membership or the majority of votes in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2014 (2018)

Country name

conventional long form: none | conventional short form: New Zealand | abbreviation: NZ | etymology: Dutch explorer Abel TASMAN was the first European to reach New Zealand in 1642; he named it Staten Landt, but Dutch cartographers renamed it Nova Zeelandia in 1645 after the Dutch province of Zeeland; British explorer Captain James COOK subsequently anglicized the name to New Zealand when he mapped the islands in 1769

Dependent areas

Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Scott P. BROWN (since 27 June 2017) note - also accredited to Samoa | telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000 | embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington | mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 | FAX: [64] (4) 499-0490 | consulate(s) general: Auckland

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Timothy John GROSER (since 28 January 2016) | chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 | FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227 | consulate(s) general: Honolulu (HI), Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor-General Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016) | head of government: Prime Minister Jacinda ARDERN (since 26 October 2017); Deputy Prime Minister Winston PETERS (since 26 October 2017) | cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the prime minister | elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor-general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor-general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor-general; note - Prime Minister ARDERN heads up a minority coalition government consisting of the Labor and New Zealand First parties with confidence and supply support from the Green Party

Flag description

blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation

Government type

parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Independence

26 September 1907 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF, SICA (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices, including the chief justice); note - the Supreme Court in 2004 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final appeals court | judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the governor-general upon the recommendation of the attorney- general; justices appointed until compulsory retirement at age 70 | subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; High Court; tribunals and authorities; district courts; specialized courts for issues related to employment, environment, family, Maori lands, youth, military; tribunals

Legal system

common law system, based on English model, with special legislation and land courts for the Maori

Legislative branch

description: unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (usually 120 seats; 71 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies, including 7 Maori constituencies, by simple majority vote and 49 directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms) | elections: last held on 23 September 2017 (next to be held by November 2020) | election results: percent of vote by party - National Party 44.5%, Labor Party 36.9%, NZ First 7.2%, Green Party 6.3%, ACT Party 0.5%; seats by party - National Party 56, Labor Party 46, NZ First 9, Green Party 8, ACT Party 1; composition - men 74, women 46, percent of women 38.3%

National anthem

name: God Defend New Zealand | lyrics/music: Thomas BRACKEN [English], Thomas Henry SMITH [Maori]/John Joseph WOODS | note: adopted 1940 as national song, adopted 1977 as co-national anthem; New Zealand has two national anthems with equal status; as a commonwealth realm, in addition to "God Defend New Zealand," "God Save the Queen" serves as a national anthem (see United Kingdom); "God Save the Queen" normally played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present; in all other cases, "God Defend New Zealand" is played

National holiday

Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840); Anzac Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)

National symbol(s)

Southern Cross constellation (four, five-pointed stars), kiwi (bird), silver fern; national colors: black, white, red (ochre)

Political parties and leaders

ACT New Zealand [David SEYMOUR] Green Party [James SHAW] Mana Movement [Hone HARAWIRA] (formerly Mana Party) Maori Party [Che WILSON and Kaapua SMITH] New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS] New Zealand Labor Party [Jacinda ARDERN] New Zealand National Party [Simon BRIDGES] United Future New Zealand [Damian LIGHT]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand sometime between A.D. 1250 and 1300. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Great Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. That same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both world wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.

Military and security forces

New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF): New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force (2019)

Military expenditures

1.16% of GDP (2018) | 1.21% of GDP (2017) | 1.18% of GDP (2016) | 1.15% of GDP (2015) | 1.18% of GDP (2014)

Military service age and obligation

17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription (2019)

Age structure

0-14 years: 19.62% (male 457,071 /female 434,789) | 15-24 years: 13.16% (male 307,574 /female 290,771) | 25-54 years: 39.58% (male 902,909 /female 896,398) | 55-64 years: 12.06% (male 266,855 /female 281,507) | 65 years and over: 15.57% (male 327,052 /female 380,701) (2018 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Australia - Oceania :: New Zealand Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for New Zealand. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate

13.1 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Current Health Expenditure

9.2% (2016)

Death rate

7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 52.9 (2015 est.) | youth dependency ratio: 30.5 (2015 est.) | elderly dependency ratio: 22.4 (2015 est.) | potential support ratio: 4.5 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | unimproved: urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

6.4% of GDP (2016)

Ethnic groups

European 64.1%, Maori 16.5%, Chinese 4.9%, Indian 4.7%, Samoan 3.9%, Tongan 1.8%, Cook Islands Maori 1.7%, English 1.5%, Filipino 1.5%, New Zealander 1%, other 13.7% (2018 est.) | note: based on the 2018 census of the usually resident population; percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic group

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

<100 (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

3,600 (2018 est.)

Hospital bed density

2.8 beds/1,000 population (2013)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | male: 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

English (de facto official) 95.4%, Maori (de jure official) 4%, Samoan 2.2%, Northern Chinese 2%, Hindi 1.5%, French 1.2%, Yue 1.1%, New Zealand Sign Language (de jure official) .5%, other or not stated 17.2% (2018 est.) | note: shares sum to 124.1% due to multiple responses on the 2018 census

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 81.4 years (2018 est.) | male: 79.2 years | female: 83.6 years

Major urban areas - population

1.582 million Auckland, 413,000 WELLINGTON (capital) (2019)

Maternal mortality rate

9 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Median age

total: 38.1 years (2018 est.) | male: 37.2 years | female: 39 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

27.8 years (2009 est.) | note: median age at first birth

Nationality

noun: New Zealander(s) | adjective: New Zealand

Net migration rate

2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

30.8% (2016)

Physicians density

3.03 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Population

4,545,627 (July 2018 est.)

Population distribution

over three-quarters of New Zealanders, including the indigenous Maori, live on the North Island, primarily in urban areas

Population growth rate

0.77% (2018 est.)

Religions

Christian 37.3% (Catholic 10.1%, Anglican 6.8%, Presbyterian and Congregational 5.2%, Pentecostal 1.8%, Methodist 1.6%, Mormon 1.2%, other 10.7%), Hindu 2.7%, Maori 1.3%, Muslim, 1.3%, Buddhist 1.1%, other religion 1.6% (includes Judaism, Spiritualism and New Age religions, Baha'i, Asian religions other than Buddhism), no religion 48.6%, objected to answering 6.7% (2018 est.) | note: based on the 2018 census of the usually resident population; percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one religion

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 19 years | male: 18 years | female: 20 years (2016)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female | total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.01 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 12.7% | male: 12.4% | female: 13% (2017 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 86.6% of total population (2019) | rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Disputes - international

asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)

Illicit drugs

significant consumer of amphetamines

Airports

123 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 39 (2017) | over 3,047 m: 2 (2017) | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2017) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 (2017) | 914 to 1,523 m: 23 (2017) | under 914 m: 1 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 84 (2013) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 33 (2013) | under 914 m: 48 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

ZK (2016)

Merchant marine

total: 111 | by type: general cargo 15, oil tanker 6, other 90 (2018)

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 6 (2015) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 123 (2015) | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 15,304,409 (2015) | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 999,384,961 mt-km (2015)

Pipelines

331 km condensate, 2500 km gas, 172 km liquid petroleum gas, 288 km oil, 198 km refined products (2018)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington

Railways

total: 4,128 km (2018) | narrow gauge: 4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2018)

Roadways

total: 94,000 km (2017) | paved: 61,600 km (includes 199 km of expressways) (2017) | unpaved: 32,400 km (2017)