Slovenia

Internet country code

.si

Internet hosts

88,567 (2009) country comparison to the world: 75

Internet users

1.126 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 84

Radio broadcast stations

AM 10, FM 230, shortwave 0 (2006)

Telephone system

general assessment: well-developed telecommunications infrastructure domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 150 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 386

Telephones - main lines in use

1.01 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 81

Telephones - mobile cellular

2.055 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 121

Television broadcast stations

31 (2006)

Agriculture - products

potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry

Budget

revenues: $22.55 billion expenditures: $22.7 billion (2008 est.)

Central bank discount rate

3% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 103 5% (31 December 2007) note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate

7.41% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 123 6.82% (31 December 2007)

Current account balance

-$3.323 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 149 -$1.982 billion (2007 est.)

Debt - external

$54.61 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 51 $50.58 billion (31 December 2007)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

24 (2005) country comparison to the world: 133 28.4 (1998)

Economy - overview

Slovenia, which on 1 January 2007 became the first 2004 European Union entrant to adopt the euro, is a model of economic success and stability for the region. With the highest per capita GDP in Central Europe, Slovenia has excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe. Privatization has lagged since 2002, and the economy has one of highest levels of state control in the EU. Structural reforms to improve the business environment have allowed for somewhat greater foreign participation in Slovenia's economy and have helped to lower unemployment. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In December 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the accession process for joining the OECD. Despite its economic success, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Slovenia has lagged behind the region average, and taxes remain relatively high. Furthermore, the labor market is often seen as inflexible, and legacy industries are losing sales to more competitive firms in China, India, and elsewhere.

Electricity - consumption

13.5 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Electricity - exports

7.82 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports

6.218 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production

14.14 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345 (2007) note: Slovenia adopted the euro as its currency on 1 January 2007

Exports

$29.61 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 66 $27.09 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities

manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food

Exports - partners

Germany 18.7%, Italy 11.7%, Croatia 8.3%, Austria 7.5%, France 5.7%, Russia 4.8% (2008)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$54.64 billion (2008 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$59.49 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 85 $57.47 billion (2007 est.) $53.81 billion (2006 est.) note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 2.2% industry: 33.4% services: 64.3% (2008 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$29,600 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 $28,600 (2007 est.) $26,800 (2006 est.) note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

3.5% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 110 6.8% (2007 est.) 5.9% (2006 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.4% highest 10%: 24.6% (2004)

Imports

$33.49 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 61 $29.42 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food

Imports - partners

Germany 17.2%, Italy 16.6%, Austria 11.2%, France 4.7%, Croatia 4.1% (2008)

Industrial production growth rate

1.7% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Industries

ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

5.7% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 96 3.6% (2007 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

28% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

Labor force

940,000 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 140

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 2.5% industry: 36% services: 61.5% (2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$11.77 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 64 $28.96 billion (31 December 2007) $15.18 billion (31 December 2006)

Natural gas - consumption

1 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 117

Natural gas - imports

1 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 133

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 137

Oil - consumption

61,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Oil - exports

8,450 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Oil - imports

63,080 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Oil - production

5 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

Oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 134

Population below poverty line

12.9% (2004)

Public debt

23% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 88 31.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$7.57 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 75 $5.682 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$7.592 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 49 $6.127 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$11.96 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 75 $10.41 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$50.31 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 47 $41.63 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of money

$NA (31 December 2008) $9.347 billion (31 December 2006) note: the figure for 2006 represents the US dollar value of tolars in circulation prior to Slovenia joining the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money and quasi money circulating within their own borders

Stock of quasi money

$NA (31 December 2008) $12.69 billion (31 December 2006)

Unemployment rate

6.7% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 84 7.7% (2007 est.)

Area

total: 20,273 sq km country comparison to the world: 154 land: 20,151 sq km water: 122 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Coastline

46.6 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Triglav 2,864 m

Environment - current issues

Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.9 per capita: 457 cu m/yr (2002)

Geographic coordinates

46 07 N, 14 49 E

Geography - note

despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

Irrigated land

30 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 1,086 km border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 455 km, Hungary 102 km, Italy 199 km

Land use

arable land: 8.53% permanent crops: 1.43% other: 90.04% (2005)

Location

Central Europe, eastern Alps bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

flooding; earthquakes

Natural resources

lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

Terrain

a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Total renewable water resources

32.1 cu km (2005)

Administrative divisions

182 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities* (mestne obcine , singular - mestna obcina ) Ajdovscina, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Celje*, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Horjul-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik-Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos-Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola-Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Koper-Capodistria*, Kostel, Kozje, Kranj*, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava-Lendva, Litija, Ljubljana*, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Maribor*, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Murska Sobota*, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Nova Gorica*, Novo Mesto*, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran-Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Ptuj*, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogasovci, Rogaska Slatina, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenj Gradec*, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Starse, Store, Sveta Ana, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velenje*, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zuzemberk, Zrece note: the Government of Slovenia has reported 210 municipalities

Capital

name: Ljubljana geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution

adopted 23 December 1991, amended 14 July 1997 and 25 July 2000

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia conventional short form: Slovenia local long form: Republika Slovenija local short form: Slovenija former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Brad FREDEN embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana mailing address: American Embassy Ljubljana, US Department of State, 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140 telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500 FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Roman KIRN chancery: 2410 California Street N.W., Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 386-6601 FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633 consulate(s) general: Cleveland, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Danilo TURK (since 22 December 2007) head of government: Prime Minister Borut PAHOR (since 7 November 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 21 October and 11 November 2007 (next to be held in the 8 October 2012); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly; election last held on 21 September 2008 (next National Assembly elections to be held in 8 October 2012) election results: Danilo TURK elected president; percent of vote - Danilo TURK 68.2%, Alojze PETERLE 31.8%; Borut PAHOR elected prime minister by National Assembly vote

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries); the seal is in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD (accession state), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)

Legal system

based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament consists of a National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve five-year terms; note - this is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws, ask to review any National Assembly decision, and call national referenda) and the National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 40 members are directly elected and 50 are elected on a proportional basis; note - the number of directly elected and proportionally elected seats varies with each election; the constitution mandates 1 seat each for Slovenia's Hungarian and Italian minorities; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 21 September 2008 (next to be held 8 October 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - SD 30.5%, SDS 29.3%, ZARES 9.4%, DeSUS 7.5%, SNS 5.5%, SLS+SMS 5.2%, LDS 5.2%, other 7.4%; seats by party - SD 29, SDS 28, ZARES 9, DeSUS 7, SNS 5, SLS+SMS 5, LDS 5, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1

National holiday

Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

Political parties and leaders

Liberal Democracy of Slovenia or LDS [Katarina KRESAL]; New Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK (acting)]; Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS [Bojan SROT]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Darko KRANJC]; Social Democrats or SD [Borut PAHOR] (formerly ZLSD); ZARES [Gregor Golobic]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Democratic Party of Slovenian Pensioners or DeSUS (protecting the rights of the older generation); Slovenian Roma Association [Jozek Horvat MUC] other: Catholic Church

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)

Background

The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though Communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 494,496 females age 16-49: 481,180 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 402,484 females age 16-49: 390,559 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 10,192 female: 9,717 (2009 est.)

Military branches

Slovenian Army (includes air and naval forces)

Military expenditures

1.7% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Military service age and obligation

17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2007)

Age structure

0-14 years: 13.5% (male 139,880/female 131,826) 15-64 years: 69.9% (male 707,219/female 695,470) 65 years and over: 16.5% (male 129,662/female 201,635) (2009 est.)

Birth rate

8.97 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 211

Death rate

10.62 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Education expenditures

6% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 41

Ethnic groups

Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

less than 0.1% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 144

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 100 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 133

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

280 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 154

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 206 male: 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Languages

Slovenian 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4% (2002 census)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 76.92 years country comparison to the world: 60 male: 73.25 years female: 80.84 years (2009 est.)

Literacy

definition: NA total population: 99.7% male: 99.7% female: 99.6%

Median age

total: 41.7 years male: 40.1 years female: 43.3 years (2009 est.)

Nationality

noun: Slovene(s) adjective: Slovenian

Net migration rate

0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Population

2,005,692 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Population growth rate

-0.113% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 215

Religions

Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 years male: 16 years female: 17 years (2006)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.28 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 209

Urbanization

urban population: 48% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: -0.6% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Disputes - international

the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Piran Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains unratified and in dispute; Slovenia also protests Croatia's 2003 claim to an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia

Illicit drugs

minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

Airports

16 (2009) country comparison to the world: 143

Airports - with paved runways

total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 5 (2009)

Merchant marine

registered in other countries: 29 (Antigua and Barbuda 6, Bahamas 1, Cyprus 4, Liberia 3, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 4, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Singapore 1, Slovakia 1) (2008) country comparison to the world: 88

Pipelines

gas 840 km; oil 11 km (2008)

Ports and terminals

Koper

Railways

total: 1,228 km country comparison to the world: 85 standard gauge: 1,228 km 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2007)

Roadways

total: 38,709 km country comparison to the world: 90 paved: 38,709 km (includes 579 km of expressways) (2007)

Waterways

some transport on Danube River (2008)