Slovenia

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 651,604 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)

Broadcast media

public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations

Internet country code

.si

Internet users

total: 1.869 million (2021 est.) percent of population: 89% (2021 est.)

Telecommunication systems

general assessment: Slovenia s telecom sector is dominated by four operators; the mobile market has four MNOs and a small number of MVNOs, operating in a country with a potential market of just over two million people; the regulator in recent years has addressed the need for mobile operators to have more spectrum, so enabling them to improve the quality and range of services; a multi-spectrum auction was concluded in mid-2021, aimed at supporting 5G services; the broadband market continues to be dominated by a small number of players; DSL lost its dominance some years ago, being taken over by fiber as subscribers are migrated to new fiber-based networks; fiber accounted for almost half of all fixed broadband connections by March 2022 (2022) domestic: fixed-line is 33 per 100 and mobile-cellular is 123 per 100 teledensity (2021) international: country code - 386 (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 695,444 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 2,607,268 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 123 (2021 est.)

Agricultural products

milk, maize, wheat, grapes, barley, potatoes, poultry, apples, beef, pork

Average household expenditures

on food: 14.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 5.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)

Budget

revenues: $23.735 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $23.456 billion (2019 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Credit ratings

Fitch rating: A (2019) Moody's rating: A3 (2020) Standard & Poors rating: AA- (2019) note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

Current account balance

$2.372 billion (2021 est.) $4.058 billion (2020 est.) $3.23 billion (2019 est.)

Debt - external

$48.656 billion (2019 est.) $50.004 billion (2018 est.)

Economic overview

high-income, fast-growing EU-member economy; high human capital; key health infrastructure investments; high government spending; key Croatian investments; high-technology and manufacturing sectors; growing financial hub

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.845 (2021 est.) 0.876 (2020 est.) 0.893 (2019 est.) 0.847 (2018 est.) 0.885 (2017 est.)

Exports

$51.634 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $41.823 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $45.516 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - commodities

packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, electrical lighting/signaling equipment, electricity (2019)

Exports - partners

Germany 18%, Italy 11%, Croatia 8%, Austria 7%, France 5%, Switzerland 5% (2019)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$54.16 billion (2019 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 52.6% (2017 est.) government consumption: 18.2% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 18.4% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 1.1% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 82.3% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -72.6% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 1.8% (2017 est.) industry: 32.2% (2017 est.) services: 65.9% (2017 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

24.4 (2019 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.8% highest 10%: 20.1% (2016)

Imports

$47.665 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $36.804 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $40.809 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - commodities

packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, electricity (2019)

Imports - partners

Germany 14%, Italy 12%, Austria 8%, Switzerland 8%, China 7% (2019)

Industrial production growth rate

9.43% (2021 est.)

Industries

ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.92% (2021 est.) -0.05% (2020 est.) 1.63% (2019 est.)

Labor force

1.036 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

12% (2018 est.)

Public debt

73.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 78.6% of GDP (2016 est.) note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$84.4 billion (2021 est.) $77.996 billion (2020 est.) $81.519 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP growth rate

8.21% (2021 est.) -4.32% (2020 est.) 3.45% (2019 est.)

Real GDP per capita

$40,000 (2021 est.) $37,100 (2020 est.) $39,000 (2019 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$2.267 billion (31 December 2021 est.) $1.311 billion (31 December 2020 est.) $1.015 billion (31 December 2019 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

16.92% (of GDP) (2020 est.)

Unemployment rate

4.42% (2021 est.) 4.97% (2020 est.) 4.45% (2019 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 13.9% (2021 est.) male: 12.7% female: 15.5%

Carbon dioxide emissions

13.553 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 4.08 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 7.967 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from consumed natural gas: 1.506 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

Coal

production: 3.175 million metric tons (2020 est.) consumption: 3.502 million metric tons (2020 est.) exports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.) imports: 335,000 metric tons (2020 est.) proven reserves: 371 million metric tons (2019 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 4.062 million kW (2020 est.) consumption: 13.447 billion kWh (2020 est.) exports: 9.123 billion kWh (2020 est.) imports: 7.12 billion kWh (2020 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 848 million kWh (2020 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2021)

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 27.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) nuclear: 36.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) solar: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) hydroelectricity: 32% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) biomass and waste: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

134.836 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

Natural gas

production: 4.899 million cubic meters (2020 est.) consumption: 904.439 million cubic meters (2020 est.) exports: 0 cubic meters (2020 est.) imports: 903.108 million cubic meters (2020 est.) proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

Nuclear energy

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2023) Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 0 Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.69GW (2023) Percent of total electricity production: 36.9% (2021) Percent of total energy produced: 40.6% (2021) Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 0

Petroleum

total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 54,900 bbl/day (2019 est.) crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.) crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

29,350 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

93,060 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Air pollutants

particulate matter emissions: 14.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) carbon dioxide emissions: 12.63 megatons (2016 est.) methane emissions: 2.1 megatons (2020 est.)

Climate

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Environment - current issues

air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood buring), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Land use

agricultural land: 22.8% (2018 est.) arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.) forest: 62.3% (2018 est.) other: 14.9% (2018 est.)

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Revenue from coal

0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)

Revenue from forest resources

0.2% of GDP (2018 est.)

Total renewable water resources

31.87 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total water withdrawal

municipal: 170 million cubic meters (2020 est.) industrial: 830 million cubic meters (2020 est.) agricultural: 3.9 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 926,000 tons (2015 est.) municipal solid waste recycled annually: 430,034 tons (2015 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 46.4% (2015 est.)

Area

total: 20,273 sq km land: 20,151 sq km water: 122 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Coastline

46.6 km

Elevation

highest point: Triglav 2,864 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m mean elevation: 492 m

Geographic coordinates

46 07 N, 14 49 E

Geography - note

despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

Irrigated land

39 sq km (2020)

Land boundaries

total: 1,211 km border countries (4): Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km

Land use

agricultural land: 22.8% (2018 est.) arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.) forest: 62.3% (2018 est.) other: 14.9% (2018 est.)

Location

south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

flooding; earthquakes

Natural resources

lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

Population distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere

Terrain

a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Administrative divisions

200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 12 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina) municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje

Capital

name: Ljubljana geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: likely related to the Slavic root "ljub", meaning "to like" or "to love"; by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word "ljubljena" meaning "beloved"

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous

Constitution

history: previous 1974 (preindependence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991 amendments: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast; amended several times, last in 2016

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia conventional short form: Slovenia local long form: Republika Slovenija local short form: Slovenija former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia etymology: the country's name means "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Jamie L. HARPOOTLIAN (since 17 February 2022) embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana mailing address: 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140 telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500 FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555 email address and website: LjubljanaACS@state.gov https://si.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Iztok MIRO IČ (since 15 September 2023) chancery: 2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 386-6611 FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633 email address and website: sloembassy.washington@gov.si http://www.washington.embassy.si/ consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)

Executive branch

chief of state: President Natasa PIRC MUSAR (since 23 December 2022); note - PIRC MUSAR is Slovenia's first female president head of government: Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 1 June 2022) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 23 October 2022 with a runoff on 13 November (next to be held in 2027); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually nominated prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly election results: 2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected president in second round: percent of vote in first round - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30 2017: Borut PAHOR reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, derive from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the prominent Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly upon the proposal of the Minister of Justice based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court

Legal system

civil law system

Legislative branch

description: bicameral Parliament consists of: National Council (State Council)or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) elections: National Council - last held on 24 November 2022 (next to be held in 2027) National Assembly - last held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in 2026) election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition (as of January 2023) - men 33, women 7, percent of women 17.5% National Assembly - percent of vote by party - GS 34.5%, SDS 23.5%, NSi 6.9%, SD 6.7%, Levica 4.4%, other 24%; seats by party - GS 41, SDS 27, NSi 8, SD 7, Levica 5; composition (as of January 2023) - men 56, women 34, percent of women 37.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.5%

National anthem

name: "Zdravljica" (A Toast) lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL note: adopted in 1989 while still part of Yugoslavia; originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 5 (3 cultural, 2 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: kocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almad n and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)

National holiday

Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

National symbol(s)

Mount Triglav; national colors: white, blue, red

Political parties and leaders

Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Ljubo JASNIC] Freedom Movement or GS [Robert GOLOB] (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ) List of Marjan Sarec or LMS [Marjan SAREC] New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi [Matej TONIN] Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB [Alenka BRATUSEK] (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB) Resni.ca [Zoran STEVANOVICH] Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA] (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS) Slovenian National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC Plemeniti] Social Democrats or SD [Tanja FAJON] The Left or Levica [Luka MESEC] (successor to United Left or ZL)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia was one of the republics in the restored Yugoslavia, which, though communist, soon distanced itself from the Soviet Union and spearheaded the Non-Aligned Movement. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a growing economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's postcommunist transition. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.

Military - note

the Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) are a small and professional military responsible for the defense of the country s sovereignty and territory, deterring external threats, and contributing to European security and other international peacekeeping missions; the SV is also active in civil-military cooperation, such as the maintenance of local infrastructure; Slovenia has been a member of the EU and NATO since 2004, and one of the SV s key missions is fulfilling the country s commitments to NATO, including equipment modernization, participating in training exercises, and contributing to NATO missions; the SV provides troops to NATO s efforts to enhance its presence in the Baltics (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia); it has also participated in other international security missions with small numbers of personnel in such places as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People s Army during the Ten-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991; the modern SV is configured as a joint force with land, naval, air, and special forces components; the SV is led by a General Staff with a joint-service Forces Command controlling the operational elements; the principal land combat units are two infantry brigades, but they may be organized as battlegroups or other response forces based on their mission; the naval component has two patrol boats; the SV air component has no fighter aircraft, and NATO allies Hungary and Italy provide air policing for Slovenia (2023)

Military and security forces

Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): structured as a combined force with air, land, maritime, special operations, combat support, and combat service support elements Ministry of Interior: National Police (2023)

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 6,000 active-duty troops (2023)

Military deployments

200 Kosovo (NATO); 100 Slovakia (NATO) (2023) note: in response to Russia s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Slovenia, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's inventory is a mix of Soviet-era and smaller quantities of more modern, mostly Western equipment; in recent years, it has imported limited amounts of equipment from a few European countries and the US (2023)

Military expenditures

1.4% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2021) 1% of GDP (2020) 1.1% of GDP (2019)

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; must be a citizen of the Republic of Slovenia; recruits sign up for 3-, 5-, or 10-year service contracts; conscription abolished in 2003 (2023) note: as of 2023, women comprised about 16% of the military's full-time personnel

Age structure

0-14 years: 14.55% (male 156,499/female 148,987) 15-64 years: 62.73% (male 685,750/female 631,553) 65 years and over: 22.72% (2023 est.) (male 208,832/female 268,169)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

8.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

NA

Contraceptive prevalence rate

NA

Current health expenditure

9.5% of GDP (2020)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

46.4% (2023 est.)

Death rate

10.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 55.5 youth dependency ratio: 23.6 elderly dependency ratio: 31.9 potential support ratio: 3.1 (2021 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: NA total: 99.5% of population unimproved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 0.5% of population (2020 est.)

Education expenditures

5.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Ethnic groups

Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.78 (2023 est.)

Hospital bed density

4.4 beds/1,000 population (2018)

Infant mortality rate

total: 1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.) male: 1.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.) major-language sample(s): Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 82 years (2023 est.) male: 79.2 years female: 85 years

Literacy

definition: NA total population: 99.7% male: 99.7% female: 99.7% (2015)

Major urban areas - population

286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

5 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Median age

total: 45.9 years (2023 est.) male: 44.6 years female: 47.5 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

29 years (2020 est.)

Nationality

noun: Slovene(s) adjective: Slovenian

Net migration rate

1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

20.2% (2016)

Physicians density

3.28 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Population

2,099,790 (2023 est.)

Population distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere

Population growth rate

-0.08% (2023 est.)

Religions

Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 1%, unaffiliated 3.5%, no response or unspecified 22.8%, none 10.1% (2002 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 99% of population unimproved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 1% of population (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 18 years male: 17 years female: 18 years (2020)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2023 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 22% (2020 est.) male: 24.4% (2020 est.) female: 19.6% (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.6 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Disputes - international

Slovenia-Austria : none identified Slovenia-Croatia : since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piran Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led Slovenia to lift its objections to Croatia joining the EU; in June 2017, the Permanent Court of Arbitration issued a ruling on the border, but Croatia had withdrawn from the proceedings in 2015 and refused to implement it; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia Slovenia-Hungary : none identified Slovenia-Italy : none identified

Illicit drugs

minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 10,515 (Ukraine) (as of 4 December 2023) stateless persons: 10 (2020) note: 6174,747 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2023)

Airports

16 (2021)

Airports - with paved runways

9 civil airports: 3 military airports: 0 joint use (civil-military) airports: 1 other airports: 5 note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the typical length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

7 note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

S5

Merchant marine

total: 9 (2022) by type: general cargo 1, other 8

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020) inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 21 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,094,762 (2018) annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 540,000 (2018) mt-km

Pipelines

1,155 km gas, 5 km oil (2018)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Koper

Railways

total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified

Roadways

total: 38,985 km (2012) paved: 38,985 km (2012) (includes 769 km of expressways)

Waterways

710 km (2022) (some transport on the Drava River)